Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, fatal and malignant primary brain tumor. Despite the current standard treatment for glioblastoma patients including neurosurgical resection, followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy, the median survival rate is only about 15 months. An unresolved challenge for current therapies is related to getting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders many chemotherapeutic agents from reaching tumors cells. Although a large amount of research has been done to circumvent the BBB and deliver drugs to the brain, with nanoparticles (NPs) taking the lead, the challenge is still high. In this regard, the BBB and how to transfer drug pathways through the BBB, especially using NPs, are introduced here. Afterwards, the latest advances in drug delivery, co-drug delivery, and combination modalities are described specifically for GBM treatments using natural and synthetic polymeric NPs and adjuvant therapies including hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy and also ketogenic regimens. In addition, receptor-mediated endocytosis agents that exist in endothelial capillary cells of the brain are explained. Lastly, future directions to finally deliver drugs through the BBB for GBM treatment are emphasized. It is the hope that this review can provide a number of practical pathways for the future development of BBB permeable nanochemotherapeutics against GBM.

胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 是一种侵袭性、致命性和恶性原发性脑肿瘤。尽管目前胶质母细胞瘤患者的标准治疗包括神经外科切除术，然后进行伴随的放疗和化疗，但中位生存率仅为 15 个月左右。当前疗法的一个未解决的挑战与使药物通过血脑屏障（BBB）有关，这阻碍了许多化学治疗剂到达肿瘤细胞。尽管已经进行了大量研究来绕过 BBB 并将药物输送到大脑，其中纳米颗粒 (NPs) 处于领先地位，但挑战仍然很大。在这方面，这里介绍了 BBB 以及如何通过 BBB 传输药物途径，特别是使用 NPs。随后，药物递送、联合药物递送、和组合方式特别描述了使用天然和合成聚合 NP 和辅助疗法（包括热疗、光动力疗法和生酮疗法）的 GBM 治疗。此外，解释了存在于大脑内皮毛细血管中的受体介导的内吞作用。最后，强调了最终通过 BBB 输送药物用于 GBM 治疗的未来方向。希望这篇综述能够为未来开发 BBB 可渗透纳米化疗药物治疗 GBM 提供一些实用的途径。解释了存在于大脑内皮毛细血管中的受体介导的内吞作用。最后，强调了最终通过 BBB 输送药物用于 GBM 治疗的未来方向。希望这篇综述能够为未来开发 BBB 可渗透纳米化疗药物治疗 GBM 提供一些实用的途径。解释了存在于大脑内皮毛细血管中的受体介导的内吞作用。最后，强调了最终通过 BBB 输送药物用于 GBM 治疗的未来方向。希望这篇综述能够为未来开发 BBB 可渗透纳米化疗药物治疗 GBM 提供一些实用的途径。