There is a high demand for photocatalysts that can efficiently degrade antibiotics; however, there are challenges in technological development related to charge transfer and light capture ability. In this study, ternary Bi₂MoO₆/GQDs/TiO₂ (denoted as BGT; GQDs refer to graphene quantum dots) heterojunction photocatalysts with high ciprofloxacin (CIP) photodegradation efficiency were successfully prepared. BGT with a 0.20 mL GQD dispersion solution (BGT-2) exhibited the highest CIP photodegradation efficiency (90.21 %). The rate constant of BGT-2 was 15.49 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹, which was 4.01, 4.16, and 9.22 times higher than those of Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ (3.86 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹), Bi₂MoO₆ (3.72 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹), and TiO₂ (1.68 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹), respectively. The degradation efficiencies of amoxicillin and tetracycline hydrochloride were 78.98 % and 92.49 %, respectively. The effects of pH values, water sources, and inorganic anions on CIP degradation were systematically explored. In addition, three environmentally friendly degradation pathways were proposed based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results and the toxicity evaluation of the various intermediates. Testing the optical and electrochemical properties of the catalysts showed that the synthesized dual Z-scheme heterojunctions can significantly improve the light capture ability and reduce the photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate, effectively addressing the challenges encountered with the use of photocatalysts.

对能够有效降解抗生素的光催化剂的需求很高；然而，在与电荷转移和光捕获能力相关的技术发展方面存在挑战。本研究成功制备了具有高环丙沙星（CIP）光降解效率的三元Bi ₂ MoO ₆ /GQDs/TiO ₂（记为BGT；GQDs指石墨烯量子点）异质结光催化剂。BGT 与 0.20 mL GQD 分散溶液 (BGT-2) 表现出最高的 CIP 光降解效率 (90.21 %)。BGT-2的速率常数为15.49×10 ^-3 min ^{-1 ，分别是Bi} ₂ MoO ₆ /TiO ₂的4.01、4.16和9.22倍(3.86 × 10 ^-3 min ^-1 )、Bi ₂ MoO ₆ (3.72 × 10 ^-3 min ^-1 )和TiO ₂ (1.68 ×  10 ^-3 min ^-1）， 分别。阿莫西林和盐酸四环素的降解效率分别为78.98%和92.49%。系统探讨了pH值、水源和无机阴离子对CIP降解的影响。此外，基于液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）结果和各种中间体的毒性评估，提出了三种环境友好的降解途径。对催化剂的光学和电化学性能测试表明，合成的双Z型异质结可以显着提高光捕获能力，降低光生电子-空穴复合率，有效解决光催化剂使用中遇到的挑战。