THE Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to connect billions of objects to the Internet so that they can take informed decisions without human intervention [1]. These IoT devices usually implement wireless communication protocols under the IEEE 802 family of standards [2], [3], [4] as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and ZigBee. All these protocols communicate in the 2.4 GHz ISM free band using network structures made of two main nodes: A central node (CN) in charge of collecting the data from multiple devices and uploading it to the cloud, and multiple peripheral nodes (PN) which are simpler devices with limited power consumption so they can be battery operated. Typically, the larger amount of PN in any application are randomly placed sensors that communicate with a fixed CN. These PN are then expected to be highly integrated, cheap to manufacture, and energy efficient to extend their battery lifespan [5]. On top of that, they are required to keep an orientation insensitive communication link so a change of the relative position with respect to the CN does not result in disconnection. Thus, the antenna design for such devices becomes challenging as it has to be compact, low cost as well as provide a radiation pattern which is not dependent on the orientation of the device.

中文翻译：

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具有自动辐射方向图可重构性的方向感知智能 3D 立方天线系统


物联网 (IoT) 预计将数十亿个物体连接到互联网，以便它们无需人工干预即可做出明智的决策 [1]。这些物联网设备通常根据 IEEE 802 标准系列 [2]、[3]、[4] 实施无线通信协议，如 Wi-Fi、低功耗蓝牙 (BLE) 和 ZigBee。所有这些协议都在 2.4 GHz ISM 免费频段上使用由两个主要节点组成的网络结构进行通信：一个中央节点 (CN) 负责从多个设备收集数据并将其上传到云端，多个外围节点 (PN) 负责从多个设备收集数据并将其上传到云端。是更简单的设备，功耗有限，因此可以通过电池供电。通常，任何应用中大量的 PN 都是随机放置的传感器，与固定 CN 进行通信。这些 PN 预计将高度集成、制造成本低廉且节能，以延长其电池寿命 [5]。最重要的是，它们需要保持方向不敏感的通信链路，以便相对于 CN 的相对位置的变化不会导致断开连接。因此，此类设备的天线设计变得具有挑战性，因为它必须紧凑、低成本，并且提供不依赖于设备方向的辐射方向图。