ABSTRACT

The composition of the microbiota is the focus of many recent publications describing the effects of the microbiota on host health. In recent years, research has progressed further, investigating not only the diversity of genes and functions but also metabolites produced by microorganisms composing the microbiota of various niches and how these metabolites affect and shape the microbial community. While an abundance of data has been published on bacterial interactions, much less data are available on the interactions of bacteria with another component of the microbiota: the fungal community. Although present in smaller numbers, fungi are essential to the balance of this complex microbial ecosystem. Both bacterial and fungal communities produce metabolites that influence their own population but also that of the other. However, to date, interkingdom interactions occurring through metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi have rarely been described. In this review, we describe the major metabolites produced by both kingdoms and discuss how they influence each other, by what mechanisms and with what consequences for the host.

摘要

微生物群的组成是最近许多描述微生物群对宿主健康影响的出版物的焦点。近年来，研究取得了进一步进展，不仅研究了基因和功能的多样性，还研究了构成各种生态位微生物群的微生物产生的代谢物，以及这些代谢物如何影响和塑造微生物群落。虽然已经发表了大量关于细菌相互作用的数据，但关于细菌与微生物群的另一个组成部分：真菌群落的相互作用的数据却少得多。虽然数量较少，但真菌对于这个复杂的微生物生态系统的平衡至关重要。细菌群落和真菌群落都会产生影响其自身种群以及其他种群的代谢物。然而，迄今为止，通过细菌和真菌产生的代谢物发生的界际相互作用很少被描述。在这篇综述中，我们描述了两个王国产生的主要代谢物，并讨论了它们如何相互影响，通过什么机制以及对宿主产生什么影响。