Lithium metal is regarded as the most potential anode material for batteries with a high energy density, but is seriously hampered by the dead Li and Li dendrites generated during cycling. Appropriate control of the Li plating/stripping process is an effective strategy to alleviate these above two issues. Here, a ZnO and oxygen vacancy modified nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) carbon skeleton is designed as a multifunctional host for stable Li metal anodes. The synergistic effect of the 3D structure with reduced local current density, lithiophilic nitrogen-doped sites and tiny amorphous ZnO with low nucleation barriers, and oxygen vacancies with high ion conductivity guide Li deposition. When used as an anode, the designed symmetric cell exhibits a long-term cycling duration over 1500 h with a low overpotential (16 mV) at 5 mA cm⁻² and 5 mA h cm⁻². The full cell of MA-Zn-C-Li//LiFePO₄ also exhibited superior cycling performance. This work provides a promising surface adjustment strategy with a difunctional host for high-performance Li metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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具有亲锂性和离子导电性的无定形 ZnO 和氧空位修饰的氮掺杂碳骨架，用于稳定的锂金属负极

锂金属被认为是最具潜力的具有高能量密度的电池负极材料，但在循环过程中会受到死锂和锂枝晶的严重阻碍。适当控制锂电镀/剥离过程是缓解上述两个问题的有效策略。在这里，ZnO 和氧空位修饰的氮掺杂三维（3D）碳骨架被设计为稳定锂金属负极的多功能主体。具有降低的局部电流密度的 3D 结构、亲锂的氮掺杂位点和具有低成核势垒的微小非晶 ZnO 以及具有高离子电导率的氧空位的协同效应指导了锂的沉积。当用作阳极时，设计的对称电池表现出超过 1500 小时的长期循环持续时间，在 5 mA cm 时具有低过电位 (16 mV)^-2和 5 mA h cm ^-2。_{MA-Zn-C-Li//LiFePO 4}的全电池也表现出优异的循环性能。这项工作为高性能锂金属电池提供了一种具有双功能主体的有前景的表面调节策略。