For new ladder-type oligomers and polymers with versatile and robust synthetic strategies, in this study, four fully conjugated ladder-type overcrowded 9,9′-bifluorenylidene-based compounds and oligomers (BFY1, BFY2, BFY3, and BFY4) were synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed tandem Suzuki coupling/Heck cyclization reaction. By monomer screening and route optimization, the target products were obtained in high yields and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectroscopy.

中文翻译：

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通过 Pd 催化串联 Suzuki 偶联/Heck 环化方法合成梯型 9,9'-二芴亚基共轭低聚物

对于具有通用和稳健合成策略的新型梯型低聚物和聚合物，在本研究中，通过以下方法合成了四种完全共轭梯型过度拥挤的 9,9'-二芴基化合物和低聚物（BFY1、BFY2、BFY3和BFY4） Pd催化的串联Suzuki偶联/Heck环化反应。通过单体筛选和路线优化，以高收率获得目标产物，并通过¹ H 和¹³ C NMR 光谱和高分辨率质谱进行了表征。