Both inhibitory control and typological similarity between two languages feature frequently in current research on multilingual cognitive processing mechanisms. Yet, the modulatory effect of speaking two typologically highly similar languages on inhibitory control performance remains largely unexplored. However, this is a critical issue because it speaks directly to the organisation of the multilingual's cognitive architecture. In this study, we examined the influence of typological similarity on inhibitory control performance via a spatial Stroop paradigm in native Italian and native Dutch late learners of Spanish. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find evidence for a differential Stroop effect size for the typologically similar group (Italian–Spanish) compared to the typologically dissimilar group (Dutch–Spanish). Our results therefore suggest a limited influence of typological similarity on inhibitory control performance. The study has critical implications for characterising inhibitory control processes in multilinguals.

两种语言之间的抑制控制和类型相似性是当前多语言认知加工机制研究中经常出现的特征。然而，说两种类型学上高度相似的语言对抑制控制性能的调节作用在很大程度上仍未得到探索。然而，这是一个关键问题，因为它直接关系到多语言认知架构的组织。在这项研究中，我们通过空间 Stroop 范式检查了类型相似性对意大利语和荷兰语西班牙语后期学习者的抑制控制性能的影响。与我们的假设相反，我们没有发现类型相似组（意大利语-西班牙语）与类型不同组（荷兰语-西班牙语）相比 Stroop 效应量差异的证据。因此，我们的结果表明类型相似性对抑制控制性能的影响有限。该研究对于描述多语言者的抑制控制过程具有重要意义。