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Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16357 Qianqian Ma 1 , Heikki Hänninen 2 , Frank Berninger 2, 3 , Xiaobo Li 4 , Jian-Guo Huang 5
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-28 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16357 Qianqian Ma 1 , Heikki Hänninen 2 , Frank Berninger 2, 3 , Xiaobo Li 4 , Jian-Guo Huang 5
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Climate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming-induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980–2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, that is, the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980–2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevated temperature, thus accelerating the accumulation of forcing, whereas the prolonged FDP was primarily caused by the substantial increase of the forcing requirement of fruiting, which could be fulfilled only in a longer time and thus slowed down the advance of fruiting. This study provides large-scale empirical evidence of warming-induced advances of FDP but divergent changes in its length in temperate woody species. Our findings demonstrate the contrasting reproductive phenological strategies among temperate woody species under the pressure of warming climate, contrary to the lengthening of vegetative growing season, which is by and largely similar with different woody species.
中文翻译：
气候变暖导致温带木本果实发育期提前但长度变化不同
近几十年来，气候变暖显着改变了植物的物候。然而，与广泛报道的气候变暖引起的营养生长季节延长相比，果实发育期（FDP）从开花到结果的反应在很大程度上仍未被探索，特别是对于木本植物。在 1980 年至 2013 年期间，对 2958 个欧洲物候观测点的 6 种温带木本植物的开花和结果日期进行了超过 560,000 次原位观察，我们发现，在所有物种中，开花和结果物候，即 FDP，都随着气候变暖而提前. 然而，对于任何给定的物种，这两个事件的推进速度并不一定相等，导致随着气候变暖，物种间 FDP 的长度发生了不同的变化。1980-2013 年间，不仅FDP期间的温度，而且果实发育的强迫要求增加，都影响FDP的长度。FDP缩短主要是由于温度升高，从而加速了强迫的积累，而FDP延长主要是由于出菇强迫要求的大幅增加，这需要更长的时间才能满足，从而减慢了推进速度。的结果。这项研究提供了大规模的经验证据，证明了变暖引起的 FDP 进展，但在温带木本物种中其长度发生了不同的变化。我们的研究结果表明，在气候变暖的压力下，温带木本物种的生殖物候策略与植物生长季节的延长相反，
更新日期：2022-07-28
中文翻译：
气候变暖导致温带木本果实发育期提前但长度变化不同
近几十年来，气候变暖显着改变了植物的物候。然而，与广泛报道的气候变暖引起的营养生长季节延长相比，果实发育期（FDP）从开花到结果的反应在很大程度上仍未被探索，特别是对于木本植物。在 1980 年至 2013 年期间，对 2958 个欧洲物候观测点的 6 种温带木本植物的开花和结果日期进行了超过 560,000 次原位观察，我们发现，在所有物种中，开花和结果物候，即 FDP，都随着气候变暖而提前. 然而，对于任何给定的物种，这两个事件的推进速度并不一定相等，导致随着气候变暖，物种间 FDP 的长度发生了不同的变化。1980-2013 年间，不仅FDP期间的温度，而且果实发育的强迫要求增加，都影响FDP的长度。FDP缩短主要是由于温度升高，从而加速了强迫的积累，而FDP延长主要是由于出菇强迫要求的大幅增加，这需要更长的时间才能满足，从而减慢了推进速度。的结果。这项研究提供了大规模的经验证据，证明了变暖引起的 FDP 进展，但在温带木本物种中其长度发生了不同的变化。我们的研究结果表明，在气候变暖的压力下，温带木本物种的生殖物候策略与植物生长季节的延长相反，
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