Cell lysis is an essential step in many studies related to biology and medicine. Based on the scale and medium that cell lysis is carried out, there are three main types of the cell lysis: (1) lysis of the cells in the surrounding environment, (2) lysis of the isolated or cultured cells, and (3) single cell lysis. Conventionally, several cell lysis methods have been developed, such as freeze-thawing, bead beating, incursion in liquid nitrogen, sonication, and enzymatic and chemical-based approaches. In recent years, various novel technologies have been employed to develop new methods of cell lysis. The aim of studies in this field is to introduce more precise and efficient tools or to reduce the costs of cell lysis procedures. Nanostructure-based lysis methods, acoustic oscillation, electrical current, irradiation, bacteria-mediated cell lysis, magnetic ionic liquids, bacteriophage genes, monolith columns, hydraulic forces, and steam explosion are some examples of newly developed cell lysis methods. Besides the significant advances in this field, there are still many challenges and tools must be further improved.

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开发细胞裂解方法的新视野：综述

在许多与生物学和医学相关的研究中，细胞裂解是必不可少的步骤。根据进行细胞裂解的规模和培养基，细胞裂解主要分为三种类型：（1）周围环境中细胞的裂解，（2）分离或培养的细胞的裂解，以及（3）单细胞裂解。传统上，已经开发了几种细胞裂解方法，例如冻融、珠击、液氮侵入、超声处理以及基于酶和化学的方法。近年来，已采用各种新技术来开发细胞裂解的新方法。该领域研究的目的是引入更精确和有效的工具或降低细胞裂解程序的成本。基于纳米结构的裂解方法、声振荡、电流、辐照、细菌介导的细胞裂解、磁性离子液体、噬菌体基因、整体柱、水力和蒸汽爆炸是新开发的细胞裂解方法的一些例子。除了在这一领域取得重大进展外，还存在许多挑战和工具必须进一步改进。