The use of extended criteria donor grafts is a promising strategy to increase the number of organ transplantations and reduce waitlist mortality. However, these organs are often compromised and/or damaged, are more susceptible to preservation injury, and are at risk for developing post-transplant complications. Ex vivo organ perfusion is a novel technology to preserve donor organs while providing oxygen and nutrients at distinct perfusion temperatures. This preservation method allows to resuscitate grafts and optimize function with therapeutic interventions prior to solid organ transplantation. Stem cell-based therapies are increasingly explored for their ability to promote regeneration and reduce the inflammatory response associated with in vivo reperfusion. The aim of this review is to describe the current state of stem cell-based therapies during ex vivo organ perfusion for the kidney, liver, lung, and heart. We discuss different strategies, including type of cells, route of administration, mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety. The progress made within lung transplantation justifies the initiation of clinical trials, whereas more research is likely required for the kidney, liver, and heart to progress into clinical application. We emphasize the need for standardization of methodology to increase comparability between future (clinical) studies.

中文翻译：

---

离体移植物灌注过程中干细胞疗法的现状：四个器官的综合回顾

使用扩展标准供体移植物是增加器官移植数量和降低候补死亡率的有前途的策略。然而，这些器官经常受到损害和/或损坏，更容易受到保存损伤，并且有发生移植后并发症的风险。离体器官灌注是一种新技术，可在不同灌注温度下提供氧气和营养物质的同时保存供体器官。这种保存方法允许在实体器官移植之前通过治疗干预来复苏移植物并优化功能。越来越多地探索基于干细胞的疗法，因为它们具有促进再生和减少与体内再灌注相关的炎症反应的能力。本综述的目的是描述在肾脏、肝脏、肺和心脏的离体器官灌注过程中基于干细胞的疗法的现状。我们讨论了不同的策略，包括细胞类型、给药途径、作用机制、功效和安全性。肺移植取得的进展证明了临床试验的启动是合理的，而肾脏、肝脏和心脏可能需要更多的研究才能进入临床应用。我们强调方法标准化的必要性，以提高未来（临床）研究之间的可比性。肺移植取得的进展证明了临床试验的启动是合理的，而肾脏、肝脏和心脏可能需要更多的研究才能进入临床应用。我们强调方法标准化的必要性，以提高未来（临床）研究之间的可比性。肺移植取得的进展证明了临床试验的启动是合理的，而肾脏、肝脏和心脏可能需要更多的研究才能进入临床应用。我们强调方法标准化的必要性，以提高未来（临床）研究之间的可比性。