Lung carcinoma remains one of the most frequent and aggressive human neoplasms. Fortunately, in the last decades, the increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to cancer development has allowed the use of targeted therapies with improvement of prognosis in many patients. Clinical management has also changed after the introduction of endobronchialultrasonographic bronchoscopy that allows a conservative staging of lung tumors, avoiding the need of mediastinoscopy for lymph node staging. Lung pathologists and cytopathologists are facing the challenge of giving the more comprehensive prognostic and predictive information with ever smaller tissue or cytological samples. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular testing for non-small cell lung carcinoma and how pathologists can contribute to the patient's outcome with a conscious management of biological samples.

中文翻译：

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利用支气管内超声引导经支气管针吸活检 (EBUS-TBNA) 样本对非小细胞肺癌进行分子检测的概述和更新

肺癌仍然是最常见和最具侵袭性的人类肿瘤之一。幸运的是，在过去的几十年里，对导致癌症发展的分子机制的了解不断增加，使得许多患者可以使用靶向治疗来改善预后。引入支气管内超声支气管镜检查后，临床管理也发生了变化，支气管镜检查允许对肺部肿瘤进行保守分期，避免了对淋巴结分期进行纵隔镜检查的需要。肺病理学家和细胞病理学家面临着用更小的组织或细胞学样本提供更全面的预后和预测信息的挑战。这篇综述的目的是总结非小细胞肺癌的分子检测以及病理学家如何为患者做出贡献