Planktonic invasive species cause adverse effects on aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, these impacts are often underestimated because of unresolved taxonomic issues and limited biogeographic knowledge. Thus, it is pivotal to start a rigorous quantification of impacts undertaken by planktonic invasive species on global economies. We used the InvaCost database, the most up-to-date database of economic cost estimates of biological invasions worldwide, to produce the first critical assessment of the economic dimension of biological invasions caused by planktonic taxa. We found that in period spanning from 1960 to 2021, the cumulative global cost of plankton invasions was US$ 5.8 billion for permanent plankton (holoplankton) of which viruses encompassed nearly 93%. Apart from viruses, we found more costs related to zooplankton (US$ 297 million) than to the other groups summed, including myco- (US$ 73 million), phyto- (43 million), and bacterioplankton (US$ 0.7 million). Strikingly, harmful and potentially toxic cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates are completely absent from the database. Furthermore, the data base showed a decrease in costs over time, which is probably an artifact as a sharp rise of novel planktonic alien species has gained international attention. Also, assessments of the costs of larval meroplanktonic stages of littoral and benthic invasive invertebrates are lacking whereas cumulative global cost of their adults stages is high up to US$ 98 billion billion and increasing. Considering the challenges and perspectives of increasing but unnoticed or neglected impacts by plankton invasions, the assessment of their ecological and economic impacts should be of high priority.

浮游入侵物种对水生生物多样性和生态系统服务造成不利影响。然而，由于尚未解决的分类问题和有限的生物地理知识，这些影响往往被低估。因此，开始严格量化浮游入侵物种对全球经济的影响至关重要。我们使用了InvaCost数据库，全球生物入侵经济成本估计的最新数据库，对浮游生物类群引起的生物入侵的经济维度进行第一次关键评估。我们发现，在 1960 年至 2021 年期间，全球浮游生物入侵的累计成本为 58 亿美元，其中病毒占了近 93%。除病毒外，我们发现与浮游动物相关的成本（2.97 亿美元）高于其他组的总和，包括真菌（7300 万美元）、植物（4300 万美元）和浮游细菌（70 万美元）。引人注目的是，数据库中完全没有有害和潜在有毒的蓝藻和甲藻。此外，数据库显示成本随着时间的推移而下降，这可能是一种人工制品，因为新的浮游外来物种的急剧上升已经引起了国际关注。此外，缺乏对沿海和底栖入侵无脊椎动物幼虫浮游阶段成本的评估，而其成年阶段的全球累计成本高达 980 亿美元，并且还在不断增加。考虑到浮游生物入侵造成的影响增加但未被注意到或被忽视的挑战和前景，对其生态和经济影响的评估应该是重中之重。