Stroke can be prevented through effective management of risk factors. However, current primary stroke prevention approaches are insufficient and often fragmented. Primary stroke prevention strategies are predominantly targeted at behavioural (eg, smoking cessation and lifestyle modifications) and pharmacological interventions (ie, prevention medications). There is also a need to consider interrelating structural factors that support, or hinder, prevention actions and behaviours of individuals. Without addressing these structural factors, it is impossible to maximise the benefits of behavioural and pharmacological interventions at the population level. We propose a tripartite approach to primary stroke prevention, comprising behavioural, pharmacological, and structural interventions, which is superimposed on the socioecological model. This approach could minimise the current fragmentation and inefficiency of primary stroke prevention.

通过有效管理危险因素，可以预防中风。然而，目前的主要卒中预防方法是不够的，而且往往是零散的。初级卒中预防策略主要针对行为（例如，戒烟和改变生活方式）和药物干预（例如，预防药物）。还需要考虑支持或阻碍个人预防行动和行为的相互关联的结构因素。如果不解决这些结构性因素，就不可能在人群层面最大限度地发挥行为和药物干预的益处。我们提出了一种三方方法来预防中风，包括行为、药理学和结构干预，并叠加在社会生态模型上。