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Human-like behavioral variability blurs the distinction between a human and a machine in a nonverbal Turing test
Science Robotics ( IF 25.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-27 , DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abo1241
F Ciardo 1 , D De Tommaso 1 , A Wykowska 1
Affiliation  

Variability is a property of biological systems, and in animals (including humans), behavioral variability is characterized by certain features, such as the range of variability and the shape of its distribution. Nevertheless, only a few studies have investigated whether and how variability features contribute to the ascription of humanness to robots in a human-robot interaction setting. Here, we tested whether two aspects of behavioral variability, namely, the standard deviation and the shape of distribution of reaction times, affect the ascription of humanness to robots during a joint action scenario. We designed an interactive task in which pairs of participants performed a joint Simon task with an iCub robot placed by their side. Either iCub could perform the task in a preprogrammed manner, or its button presses could be teleoperated by the other member of the pair, seated in the other room. Under the preprogrammed condition, the iCub pressed buttons with reaction times falling within the range of human variability. However, the distribution of the reaction times did not resemble a human-like shape. Participants were sensitive to humanness, because they correctly detected the human agent above chance level. When the iCub was controlled by the computer program, it passed our variation of a nonverbal Turing test. Together, our results suggest that hints of humanness, such as the range of behavioral variability, might be used by observers to ascribe humanness to a humanoid robot.

中文翻译:

在非语言图灵测试中,类人的行为变异性模糊了人和机器之间的区别

变异性是生物系统的一种属性,在动物(包括人类)中,行为变异性以某些特征为特征,例如变异的范围及其分布的形状。然而,只有少数研究调查了在人机交互环境中,可变性特征是否以及如何有助于将人性归因于机器人。在这里,我们测试了行为变异性的两个方面,即标准偏差和反应时间分布的形状,是否会影响在联合动作场景中将人性归因于机器人。我们设计了一个交互式任务,其中成对的参与者执行一项联合西蒙任务,iCub 机器人放在他们身边。iCub 中的任何一个都可以以预编程的方式执行任务,或者它的按钮可以由坐在另一个房间的另一位成员遥控。在预编程条件下,iCub 按下按钮,反应时间在人类可变性范围内。然而,反应时间的分布并不像人类的形状。参与者对人性很敏感,因为他们正确地检测到高于机会水平的人类代理。当 iCub 由计算机程序控制时,它通过了我们的非语言图灵测试变体。总之,我们的研究结果表明,观察者可能会使用人性的暗示,例如行为可变性的范围,将人性归因于类人机器人。iCub 按下按钮的反应时间在人类可变性范围内。然而,反应时间的分布并不像人类的形状。参与者对人性很敏感,因为他们正确地检测到高于机会水平的人类代理。当 iCub 由计算机程序控制时,它通过了我们的非语言图灵测试变体。总之,我们的研究结果表明,观察者可能会使用人性的暗示,例如行为可变性的范围,将人性归因于类人机器人。iCub 按下按钮的反应时间在人类可变性范围内。然而,反应时间的分布并不像人类的形状。参与者对人性很敏感,因为他们正确地检测到高于机会水平的人类代理。当 iCub 由计算机程序控制时,它通过了我们的非语言图灵测试变体。总之,我们的研究结果表明,观察者可能会使用人性的暗示,例如行为可变性的范围,将人性归因于类人机器人。它通过了我们的非语言图灵测试变体。总之,我们的研究结果表明,观察者可能会使用人性的暗示,例如行为可变性的范围,将人性归因于类人机器人。它通过了我们的非语言图灵测试变体。总之,我们的研究结果表明,观察者可能会使用人性的暗示,例如行为可变性的范围,将人性归因于类人机器人。
更新日期:2022-07-27
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