Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) has been considered a diagnostic marker for patients with demyelinating disease, termed “MOG-IgG associated disorder” (MOGAD). Recently, the coexistence of MOG-IgG and other neuronal or glial antibodies has attracted extensive attention from clinicians. In this article, we systematically review the characteristics of MOG-IgG-related antibody coexistence syndrome. Methods: Two authors independently searched PubMed for relevant studies published before October 2021. We also manually searched the references of each related article. The appropriateness of the included studies was assessed by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts if necessary. Results: Thirty-five relevant publications that met our inclusion criteria were finally included, of which fourteen were retrospective studies and twenty-one were case reports. A total of 113 patients were reported to show the coexistence of MOG-IgG and neuronal or glial antibodies. Additionally, 68.14% of patients were double positive for MOG-IgG and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-IgG (NMDAR-IgG), followed by 23.01% of patients who were double positive for MOG-IgG and aquaporin4-IgG (AQP4-IgG). Encephalitis was the predominant phenotype when MOG-IgG coexisted with NMDAR-IgG, probably accompanied by imaging features of demyelination. Patients with dual positivity for MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG experienced more severe disease and more frequent relapses. The coexistence of MOG-IgG and antibodies other than NMDAR-IgG and AQP4-IgG was extremely rare, and the clinical presentations were diverse and atypical. Except for patients who were double positive for MOG-IgG and AQP4-IgG, most patients with multiple antibodies had a good prognosis. Conclusions: MOG-IgG may coexist with neuronal or glial antibodies. Expanded screening for neuronal or glial antibodies should be performed in patients with atypical clinical and radiological features.

中文翻译：

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中枢神经系统中髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白免疫球蛋白 G 和神经元或神经胶质抗体的共存：系统评价

背景：髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白免疫球蛋白 G (MOG-IgG) 已被认为是脱髓鞘疾病患者的诊断标志物，称为“MOG-IgG 相关疾病”(MOGAD)。近来，MOG-IgG与其他神经元或神经胶质抗体的共存引起了临床医生的广泛关注。在本文中，我们系统地回顾了 MOG-IgG 相关抗体共存综合征的特点。方法：两位作者独立检索 PubMed 中 2021 年 10 月之前发表的相关研究。我们还手动检索了每篇相关文章的参考文献。必要时通过阅读标题、摘要和全文来评估纳入研究的适当性。结果：最终纳入了 35 篇符合我们纳入标准的相关出版物，其中14项为回顾性研究，21项为病例报告。据报道，共有 113 名患者显示 MOG-IgG 和神经元或神经胶质抗体共存。此外，68.14% 的患者 MOG-IgG 和 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体-IgG (NMDAR-IgG) 双阳性，其次是 23.01% 的患者 MOG-IgG 和水通道蛋白4-IgG (AQP4 -IgG)。当 MOG-IgG 与 NMDAR-IgG 共存时，脑炎是主要的表型，可能伴有脱髓鞘的影像学特征。MOG-IgG 和 AQP4-IgG 双重阳性的患者经历了更严重的疾病和更频繁的复发。MOG-IgG与NMDAR-IgG和AQP4-IgG以外的抗体共存极为罕见，临床表现多样且不典型。除MOG-IgG和AQP4-IgG双阳性患者外，多数多抗体患者预后良好。结论：MOG-IgG可能与神经元或神经胶质抗体共存。应在具有非典型临床和放射学特征的患者中进行神经元或神经胶质抗体的扩大筛查。