In this study, we advance novel understandings of strategies that marginalized entrepreneurs use to overcome institutional bias and mobilize crucial resources. Using grounded theory, we analyzed qualitative interview data from 97 women entrepreneurs across Iran, India, and the United States to understand the source and nature of the institutional constraints they faced, the strategies they used to overcome these constraints, and the agency and legitimacy that ensued as a result. We found that marginalized entrepreneurs engaged in three focal strategies: family transmutation, ally activation, and enabler cooptation. We propose that these strategies enhance marginalized entrepreneurs' likelihood of securing needed resources, but with different consequences for their agency and legitimacy. We offer several contributions to entrepreneurial resource mobilization and institutional literatures.

中文翻译：

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受约束但不受约束：边缘化企业家如何克服制度偏见并调动资源

在这项研究中，我们提出了对边缘化企业家用来克服制度偏见和调动关键资源的策略的新理解。使用扎根理论，我们分析了来自伊朗、印度和美国的 97 名女企业家的定性访谈数据，以了解她们面临的制度限制的来源和性质、她们用来克服这些限制的策略，以及她们的机构和合法性结果随之而来。我们发现边缘化的企业家参与了三种焦点策略：家庭变革、盟友激活和促成者合作。我们提出，这些策略提高了边缘化企业家获得所需资源的可能性，但对他们的能动性和合法性产生了不同的后果。