Introduction

The soil bacterial microbiome plays a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. The composition and functioning of the microbiome are tightly controlled by the physicochemical surrounding. Therefore, the microbiome is responsive to management, such as fertilization, and to climate change, such as extreme drought. It remains a challenge to retain microbiome functioning under drought.

Objectives

This work aims to reveal if fertilization with organic fertilizer, can enhance resistance and resilience of bacterial communities and their function in extreme drought and subsequent rewetting compared with conventional fertilizers.

Methods

In soil mesocosms, we induced a long-term drought for 80 days with subsequent rewetting for 170 days to follow bacterial community dynamics in organic (NOF) and chemical (NCF) fertilization regimes.

Results

Our results showed that bacterial diversity was higher with NOF than with NCF during drought. In particular, the ecological resilience and recovery of bacterial communities under NOF were higher than in NCF. We found these bacterial community features to enhance pathogen-inhibiting functions in NOF compared to NCF during late recovery. The other soil ecology functional analyses revealed that bacterial biomass recovered in the early stage after rewetting, while soil respiration increased continuously following prolonged time after rewetting.

Conclusion

Together, our study indicates that organic fertilization can enhance the stability of the soil microbiome and ensures that specific bacterial-driven ecosystem functions recover after rewetting. This may provide the basis for more sustainable agricultural practices to counterbalance negative climate change-induced effects on soil functioning.

中文翻译：

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有机施肥增强土壤微生物群落在极端干旱下的抵抗力和恢复力

介绍

土壤细菌微生物组在生态系统功能中起着至关重要的作用。微生物组的组成和功能受到物理化学环境的严格控制。因此，微生物组对施肥等管理和极端干旱等气候变化有反应。在干旱条件下保持微生物群的功能仍然是一个挑战。

目标

这项工作旨在揭示与常规肥料相比，有机肥施肥是否可以增强细菌群落的抵抗力和恢复力，以及它们在极端干旱和随后的再湿润中的功能。

方法

在土壤中观世界中，我们引发了 80 天的长期干旱，随后再润湿 170 天，以跟踪有机 (NOF) 和化学 (NCF) 施肥方案中的细菌群落动态。

结果

我们的结果表明，在干旱期间，NOF 的细菌多样性高于 NCF。特别是，NOF 下细菌群落的生态恢复力和恢复能力高于 NCF。我们发现这些细菌群落特征在后期恢复期间与 NCF 相比增强了 NOF 中的病原体抑制功能。其他土壤生态功能分析表明，复湿后细菌生物量在早期恢复，而土壤呼吸随着复湿时间的延长而持续增加。

结论

总之，我们的研究表明，有机施肥可以增强土壤微生物组的稳定性，并确保特定细菌驱动的生态系统功能在重新润湿后恢复。这可能为更可持续的农业实践提供基础，以抵消气候变化对土壤功能的负面影响。