Objective

To examine the real-world effectiveness of popular smoking cessation aids, adjusting for potential confounders measured up to 12 months before the quit attempt.

Methods

1,045 adult (≥18y) smokers in England provided data at baseline (April 2015-November 2020) and reported a serious past-year quit attempt at 12-month follow-up. Our outcome was smoking cessation, defined as self-reported abstinence at 12 months. Independent variables were use in the most recent quit attempt of: varenicline, prescription NRT, over-the-counter NRT, e-cigarettes, and traditional behavioural support. Potential confounders were age, sex, social grade, alcohol consumption, and level of dependence (measured at baseline), variables relating to the most recent quit attempt (measured at 12-month follow-up), and survey year.

Results

Participants who reported using varenicline in their most recent quit attempt had significantly higher odds of abstinence than those who did not, after adjustment for potential confounders and use of other aids (OR = 2.69, 95 %CI = 1.43–5.05). Data were inconclusive regarding whether using prescription NRT, over-the-counter NRT, e-cigarettes, or traditional behavioural support was associated with increased odds of abstinence (p > 0.05; Bayes factors = 0.41–1.71, expected effect size OR = 1.19), but provided moderate evidence that using e-cigarettes was more likely associated with no effect than reduced odds (Bayes factor = 0.31, expected effect size OR = 0.75).

Conclusions

Use of varenicline in a quit attempt was associated with increased odds of successful smoking cessation. Data were inconclusive regarding a benefit of e-cigarettes for cessation but showed use of e-cigarettes was unlikely to be associated with reduced odds of cessation. Associations between other cessation aids and cessation were inconclusive.

中文翻译：

---

戒烟辅助工具的现实有效性：2015-2020 年英格兰人口调查及 12 个月随访

 客观的

为了检验流行的戒烟辅助手段在现实世界中的有效性，对尝试戒烟前 12 个月测量的潜在混杂因素进行调整。

 方法

英国 1,045 名成年（≥18 岁）吸烟者提供了基线数据（2015 年 4 月至 2020 年 11 月），并在 12 个月的随访中报告了过去一年的严重戒烟尝试。我们的结果是戒烟，定义为自我报告的 12 个月戒烟。最近一次戒烟尝试中使用了自变量：伐尼克兰、处方 NRT、非处方 NRT、电子烟和传统行为支持。潜在的混杂因素包括年龄、性别、社会等级、饮酒量和依赖程度（在基线上测量）、与最近戒烟尝试相关的变量（在 12 个月的随访中测量）和调查年份。

 结果

在调整潜在的混杂因素和使用其他辅助措施后，报告在最近一次尝试戒烟时使用伐尼克兰的参与者的戒烟几率显着高于未使用伐尼克兰的参与者（OR = 2.69，95 % CI = 1.43–5.05）。关于使用处方 NRT、非处方 NRT、电子烟或传统行为支持是否与戒烟几率增加相关，数据尚无定论（ p > 0.05；贝叶斯因子 = 0.41–1.71，预期效果大小 OR = 1.19） ），但提供了适度的证据表明，使用电子烟更有可能没有效果，而不是降低几率（贝叶斯因子 = 0.31，预期效果大小 OR = 0.75）。

 结论

在戒烟尝试中使用伐尼克兰与成功戒烟的几率增加相关。关于电子烟对戒烟的益处尚无定论，但表明使用电子烟不太可能与戒烟几率降低相关。其他戒烟辅助工具与戒烟之间的关联尚无定论。