This prospective study evaluated cognitive and physical trajectories of nursing home (NH) residents after fall occurrence and their predictors. In 167 residents aged ≥60, we considered the closest pre-fall assessment and up to the first three post-fall assessments of cognitive and physical functions performed through Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Tinetti tests. Mixture models identified three post-fall cognitive and physical trajectories: stability, slow decline, and rapid decline. At logistic regression, older age, fewer informal visits, and falls within one month from institutionalization increased the probability of experiencing a decline in MMSE and Tinetti scores. Worse pre-fall cognitive function increased the likelihood of cognitive and physical decline, while worse pre-fall Tinetti score negatively impacted only physical decline.

In conclusion, the impact of falls on the cognitive and physical health of NH residents may be modulated by their pre-fall cognitive function and some modifiable factors, such as social interactions and physical function.

这项前瞻性研究评估了养老院 (NH) 居民跌倒发生后的认知和身体轨迹及其预测因素。在 167 名 60 岁以上的居民中，我们考虑了通过简易精神状态检查 (MMSE) 和 Tinetti 测试进行的最接近的跌倒前评估和最多前三个跌倒后的认知和身体功能评估. 混合模型确定了三个跌倒后的认知和身体轨迹：稳定、缓慢下降和快速下降。在逻辑回归中，年龄较大、非正式就诊次数减少以及在住院后一个月内跌倒会增加 MMSE 和 Tinetti 分数下降的可能性。更差的跌倒前认知功能增加了认知和身体衰退的可能性，而更差的跌倒前 Tinetti 评分仅对身体衰退产生负面影响。

总之，跌倒对新罕布什尔州居民认知和身体健康的影响可能受到他们跌倒前的认知功能和一些可改变的因素的影响，例如社交互动和身体功能。