Tissue engineering (TE) is currently considered a cutting-edge discipline that offers the potential for developing treatments for health conditions that negatively affect the quality of life. This interdisciplinary field typically involves the combination of cells, scaffolds, and appropriate induction factors for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. Cell fate decisions, such as survival, proliferation, or differentiation, critically depend on various biochemical and biophysical factors provided by the extracellular environment during developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of these factors is critical to accurately mimic the complex architecture of the extracellular environment of living tissues and improve the efficiency of TE approaches. In this review, we recapitulate the effects that biochemical and biophysical induction factors have on various aspects of cell fate. While the role of biochemical factors, such as growth factors, small molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and cytokines, has been extensively studied in the context of TE applications, it is only recently that we have begun to understand the effects of biophysical signals such as surface topography, mechanical, and electrical signals. These biophysical cues could provide a more robust set of stimuli to manipulate cell signaling pathways during the formation of the engineered tissue. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of different types of signals appears to elicit synergistic responses that are likely to improve functional outcomes, which could help translate results into successful clinical therapies in the future.

中文翻译：

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操纵生物化学和生物物理线索工程功能组织的最新进展

组织工程（TE）目前被认为是一门前沿学科，它为开发对生活质量产生负面影响的健康状况的治疗方法提供了潜力。这个跨学科领域通常涉及细胞、支架和适当的诱导因子的组合，以再生和修复受损组织。细胞命运的决定，例如生存、增殖或分化，关键取决于发育、生理和病理过程中细胞外环境提供的各种生化和生物物理因素。因此，了解这些因素的作用机制对于准确模拟活组织细胞外环境的复杂结构和提高 TE 方法的效率至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们概括了生化和生物物理诱导因子对细胞命运各个方面的影响。虽然生长因子、小分子、细胞外基质 (ECM) 成分和细胞因子等生化因子的作用已在 TE 应用的背景下进行了广泛研究，但直到最近我们才开始了解生物物理因素的影响。信号，例如表面形貌、机械和电信号。这些生物物理线索可以提供一组更强大的刺激来操纵工程组织形成过程中的细胞信号传导途径。此外，同时应用不同类型的信号似乎会引发协同反应，可能会改善功能结果，这可能有助于将结果转化为未来成功的临床治疗。