Objectives Assess the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems. Methods Phase I; four iMG systems (Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI), HitIQ, ORB, Prevent) were compared against dummy headform laboratory criterion standards (25, 50, 75, 100 g ). Phase II; four iMG systems were evaluated for on-field validity of iMG-triggered events against video-verification to determine true-positives, false-positives and false-negatives (20±9 player matches per iMG). Phase III; four iMG systems were evaluated by 18 rugby players, for perceptions of fit , comfort and function . Phase IV; three iMG systems (Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, Prevent) were evaluated for practical feasibility (System Usability Scale (SUS)) by four practitioners. Results Phase I; total concordance correlation coefficients were 0.986, 0.965, 0.525 and 0.984 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase II; different on-field kinematics were observed between iMGs. Positive predictive values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.53 and 0.94 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Sensitivity values were 0.51, 0.40, 0.71 and 0.75 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase III; player perceptions of fit , comfort and function were 77%, 6/10, 55% for Biocore-FRI, 88%, 8/10, 61% for HitIQ, 65%, 5/10, 43% for ORB and 85%, 8/10, 67% for Prevent. Phase IV; SUS (preparation-management) was 51.3–50.6/100, 71.3–78.8/100 and 83.8–80.0/100 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ and Prevent. Conclusion This study shows differences between current iMG systems exist. Sporting organisations can use these findings when evaluating which iMG system is most appropriate to monitor head acceleration events in athletes, supporting player welfare initiatives related to concussion and head acceleration exposure. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

中文翻译：

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准备好迎接冲击了吗？仪器化护齿套（iMG）的有效性和可行性研究


目标 评估当前仪器化护齿套 (iMG) 及相关系统的有效性和可行性。方法第一阶段；将四个 IMG 系统（Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI)、HitIQ、ORB、Prevent）与假人头型实验室标准（25、50、75、100 g）进行比较。第二阶段；四个 iMG 系统根据视频验证评估了 iMG 触发事件的现场有效性，以确定真阳性、假阳性和假阴性（每个 iMG 20±9 场球员比赛）。第三阶段； 18 名橄榄球运动员对四​​种 iMG 系统的贴合度、舒适度和功能进行了评估。第四阶段；四名从业者评估了三个 iMG 系统（Biocore-FRI、HitIQ、Prevent）的实际可行性（系统可用性量表（SUS））。第一阶段结果； Biocore-FRI、HitIQ、ORB 和 Prevent 的总一致性相关系数分别为 0.986、0.965、0.525 和 0.984。第二阶段；在 iMG 之间观察到不同的现场运动学。 Biocore-FRI、HitIQ、ORB 和 Prevent 的阳性预测值为 0.98、0.90、0.53 和 0.94。 Biocore-FRI、HitIQ、ORB 和 Prevent 的灵敏度值为 0.51、0.40、0.71 和 0.75。第三阶段；玩家对合身性、舒适度和功能的看法分别为 Biocore-FRI 的 77%、6/10、55%，HitIQ 的 88%、8/10、61%，ORB 的 65%、5/10、43% 和 85%， 8/10，67% 支持预防。第四阶段； Biocore-FRI、HitIQ 和 Prevent 的 SUS（准备-管理）分别为 51.3–50.6/100、71.3–78.8/100 和 83.8–80.0/100。结论 这项研究表明当前 iMG 系统之间存在差异。体育组织可以利用这些发现来评估哪种 iMG 系统最适合监测运动员的头部加速事件，支持与脑震荡和头部加速暴露相关的运动员福利计划。 与研究相关的所有数据都包含在文章中或作为补充信息上传。