New carboxamides, (±)-vochysiamide C (1) and (+)-vochysiamide B (2), and a new polyketide, 4S,3aS,9aR-3a,9a-deoxy-3a hydroxy-1-dehydroxyarthrinone (3), were isolated and identified from the sponge-derived fungus Arthrinium sp. SCSIO 41421, together with other fifteen known natural products (4–18). Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD), as well as quantum-chemical NMR calculations. Preliminary bioactivity screening and molecular docking analysis revealed that several natural products exhibited obvious enzyme inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), such as 2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methylxanthone (4) with an inhibitory rate 86% at 50 μg/mL.

中文翻译：

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来自海绵衍生真菌 Arthrinium sp. 的新羧酰胺和新聚酮化合物。SCSIO 41421

新型羧酰胺 (±)-vochysiamide C ( 1 ) 和 (+)-vochysiamide B ( 2 )，以及新型聚酮化合物 4 S ,3a S ,9a R -3a ,9a-deoxy-3a hydroxy-1-dehydroxyarthrinone ( 3 )，从海绵来源的真菌Arthrinium sp.中分离和鉴定。SCIO 41421，连同其他十五种已知的天然产品 ( 4 – 18）。它们的结构包括绝对构型是通过详细的 NMR、MS 光谱分析、计算的电子圆二色性 (ECD) 以及量子化学 NMR 计算确定的。初步生物活性筛选和分子对接分析表明，几种天然产物对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）表现出明显的酶抑制活性，如2,3,6,8-四羟基-1-甲基黄酮（4），50 μg时抑制率为86% /毫升。