With efficient and effective access to information technology, exports could be the best solution for businesses to tackle climate change through “learning by exporting” for sustainable development. With this context as reference, this study uses the directional distance function and the Malmquist–Luenberger Productivity Index (MLPI) to analyze the “green” total factor productivity (GTFP) growth of exporting firms in India by comparing them with non-exporting firms from 2012 to 2020. The finding reveals that, on average, GTFP growth is higher for the exporting firms (7.9%) as compared to non-exporting firms (-0.7%)—the “learning by exporting” effect exists in India, and exports could help Indian firms tackle climate change. Moreover, the decomposition of the MLPI shows that technical change (TC) is the main driver of GTFP in both exporting and non-exporting groups—IT or technological innovation leads to an increase in environmental productivity. Furthermore, the Tobit model is used to analyze the main drivers of TC that promote the GTFP in both groups. The results show that the product innovation (0.61%) has exerted a remarkable positive effect on promoting the GTFP of exporting firms and the human capital quality (0.57%) in non-exporting firms. Based on these findings, we propose that Indian policymakers “prudently” implement more field-oriented or performance-oriented policies for firms through promotional policies, such as tax incentives, while also encouraging the adoption of innovative technology for more effective mitigation of climate change for sustainable development.

通过高效和有效地获取信息技术，出口可能是企业通过“从出口中学习”以实现可持续发展应对气候变化的最佳解决方案。在此背景下，本研究使用方向距离函数和 Malmquist-Luenberger 生产力指数 (MLPI)，通过将印度出口企业与非出口企业进行比较，分析其“绿色”全要素生产率 (GTFP) 增长。 2012 年至 2020 年。调查结果显示，平均而言，出口公司的 GTFP 增长率（7.9%）高于非出口公司（-0.7%）——印度存在“通过出口学习”效应，出口可以帮助印度公司应对气候变化。而且，MLPI 的分解表明，技术变革 (TC) 是出口和非出口群体中 GTFP 的主要驱动力——IT 或技术创新导致环境生产力的提高。此外，Tobit 模型用于分析促进两组 GTFP 的 TC 的主要驱动因素。结果表明，产品创新（0.61%）对促进出口企业的GTFP和非出口企业的人力资本质量（0.57%）具有显着的正向作用。基于这些调查结果，我们建议印度政策制定者通过税收优惠等促销政策“谨慎”为企业实施更多以领域为导向或以绩效为导向的政策，同时鼓励采用创新技术更有效地缓解气候变化可持续发展。