This three-armed randomized controlled trial examined how moral disengagement and social norms account for change in bullying behavior and their potential as targets of anti-bullying components within separate interventions among 1200 French-speaking Belgian elementary students (48% boys, 9–12 year-olds, 57 classes, nine schools) during 2018–2019 (no ethnicity data available). Mediation analysis revealed that students' moral disengagement successfully decreased (β = −.46), which, in turn, reduced both bullying (β = .33) and outsider behaviors (β = .20), and increased defending (β = −.10). Intervening on social norms decreased bullying (β = −.18), but not through the perceived injunctive class norm as intended. Guidelines to open the “black box” of anti-bullying programs and determine the cost-effectiveness ratio of their components are provided.

中文翻译：

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道德脱离和社会规范作为反欺凌成分的有效性：一项随机对照试验

这项三臂随机对照试验研究了道德脱离和社会规范如何解释欺凌行为的变化，以及它们在 1200 名讲法语的比利时小学生（48% 男孩，9-12 岁）中作为单独干预措施中反欺凌成分的目标的潜力-olds，57 个班级，9 个学校）在 2018-2019 年期间（没有可用的种族数据）。调解分析表明，学生的道德脱离成功降低 ( β  = −.46)，这反过来又减少了欺凌行为 ( β  = .33) 和局外人行为 ( β  = .20)，并增加了防御 ( β  = −. 10). 干预社会规范减少了欺凌行为（β = −.18)，但不是通过预期的强制性阶级规范。提供了打开反欺凌计划“黑匣子”并确定其组成部分的成本效益比的指南。