Aquatic organisms are concomitantly exposed to multiple noxious chemicals that can be discharged into water bodies. We aimed to investigate the single and simultaneous sub-acute exposure to copper and methomyl on juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. Compared to the controls, the outcomes revealed that brain of methomyl-exposed fish displayed significant declines in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GST in addition to higher MDA and lower GSH levels. Methomyl induced notable declines in levels of GABA and acetylcholine esterase in brain and muscle of exposed fish. Noteworthy downregulated gene expression levels of TNF-α, HSP-70 together with upregulated c-fos were evident in brain of fish expose to either of tested compounds. Marked apoptotic changes were observed in fish brain exposed to copper and methomyl indicated by augmented immune expression of caspase-3. Conclusively, the results indicated the possible interaction between both compounds with subsequent toxic effects that differ from their single exposure.

水生生物同时暴露于多种有毒化学物质，这些化学物质会排放到水体中。我们旨在调查幼鱼尼罗罗非鱼单次和同时亚急性暴露于铜和灭多威的情况。结果显示，与对照组相比，灭多威暴露的鱼的大脑除了更高的 MDA 和更低的 GSH 水平外，还表现出 SOD、CAT 和 GST 活性的显着下降。灭多威导致暴露鱼的大脑和肌肉中 GABA 和乙酰胆碱酯酶水平显着下降。显着下调的TNF-α、HSP-70基因表达水平以及上调的 c-fos在暴露于任何一种测试化合物的鱼的大脑中都很明显。在暴露于铜和灭多威的鱼脑中观察到明显的凋亡变化，这表明 caspase-3 的免疫表达增强。最后，结果表明两种化合物之间可能存在相互作用，随后的毒性作用不同于它们的单次接触。