A compact massive multi input multi output (MIMO) antenna system with 1 × 4 (sector) subarray configuration operating at sub-6 GHz range for 5th generation (5G) base stations has been designed and analysed in various geometries (rectangular, triangular, and hexagonal). The capacity of the system can be increased by more than 10 times whereas the energy efficiency can be increased 100 times using the massive MIMO system (Larsson et al. in IEEE Commun Mag 52(2):186–195, 2014). A maximum of 5 sectors has been used, with each sector comprising of 1 × 4 subarray elements. Each sector consists of three layers, in which 1 × 4 patches are located on its top layer whereas it’s feeding network and ground plane are placed at the bottom layer and middle layer respectively. The entire system can operate in two modes, individual port operation and massive MIMO array operation with beam steering capabilities. The measured bandwidth of the system is 140 MHz that covers the frequencies from 3.36 to 3.50 GHz in sub-6 GHz band. The overall dimension of a unit subarray in terms of length, width and height is 280.5 × 56.1 × 2 mm³. The gain of an individual port is found to be 12.77 dBi and the overall gain of a single panel with 5 sectors arranged in rectangular form is 19.73 dBi. Mutual coupling among all the ports has been kept less than − 16 dB. The operating frequency range of the antenna array system is chosen in the range of 3.3–3.8 GHz, as this band has been allocated and targeted across the globe to enable 5G in Sub-6 GHz band.

已经设计并分析了一个紧凑的大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 天线系统，具有 1 × 4（扇区）子阵列配置，在低于 6 GHz 范围内运行，用于第五代 (5G) 基站，具有各种几何形状（矩形、三角形和六边形）。系统的容量可以增加 10 倍以上，而使用大规模 MIMO 系统可以将能源效率提高 100 倍（Larsson 等人在 IEEE Commun Mag 52(2):186-195, 2014）。最多使用 5 个扇区，每个扇区由 1 × 4 个子阵列元素组成。每个扇区由三层组成，其中 1×4 贴片位于其顶层，而馈电网络和接地平面分别位于底层和中间层。整个系统可以在两种模式下运行，具有波束控制功能的单个端口操作和大规模 MIMO 阵列操作。系统的实测带宽为 140 MHz，覆盖了 sub-6 GHz 频段中从 3.36 到 3.50 GHz 的频率。单位子阵列的长宽高总尺寸为 280.5 × 56.1 × 2 mm³ . 发现单个端口的增益为 12.77 dBi，而具有 5 个以矩形形式排列的扇区的单个面板的总增益为 19.73 dBi。所有端口之间的相互耦合一直保持在 - 16 dB 以下。天线阵列系统的工作频率范围选择在 3.3-3.8 GHz 范围内，因为该频段已在全球范围内分配和定位，以在 6 GHz 以下频段启用 5G。