Under the extreme climate, the demand for surface protection from wetting and icing has increased extensively. Many studies focused on developing superhydrophobic coatings from elastic rubbers because of their excellent wear resistance properties. This review not only compares the specific strategies developed to produce superhydrophobic rubber coatings but also analyses the characteristics and applications of superhydrophobic rubber coatings. The common reinforcing agent (SiO₂ nanoparticles) and the filler (CaCO₃) of rubber products were used to create nano- and microroughness for capturing air on the superhydrophobic surface. Hydrophobic agents were further incorporated to reduce the surface energy of rubber coatings. Besides inorganic nanoparticles, superhydrophobic rubber coatings have been successfully produced using carbonaceous materials, namely multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon black and carbon nanofibers. Without nanoparticles, a rough surface could be created through anodizing, laser treatment, plasma jet treatment, chemical etching, or templating. Besides showing large water contact angles (>150°) and low sliding angles (<10°), superhydrophobic rubber coatings showed anti-icing properties on glass insulators. Superhydrophobic rubber coatings were applied on fabric, concrete and asphalt pavement to prevent wetting. Future development should concentrate on the improvement of coating durability. More superhydrophobic natural rubber coatings with improved sustainability should be developed as well.

在极端气候下，对表面防潮防冰保护的需求大幅增加。由于弹性橡胶具有出色的耐磨性能，许多研究都集中在开发超疏水涂层上。本综述不仅比较了生产超疏水橡胶涂料的具体策略，还分析了超疏水橡胶涂料的特点和应用。常用的增强剂（SiO ₂纳米颗粒）和填料（CaCO ₃) 的橡胶产品用于产生纳米和微米粗糙度，用于在超疏水表面上捕获空气。进一步加入疏水剂以降低橡胶涂层的表面能。除无机纳米粒子外，超疏水橡胶涂层已成功使用碳质材料制备，即多壁碳纳米管、炭黑和碳纳米纤维。如果没有纳米颗粒，则可以通过阳极氧化、激光处理、等离子喷射处理、化学蚀刻或模板制作粗糙表面。除了显示出大的水接触角（>150°）和低滑动角（<10°）外，超疏水橡胶涂层在玻璃绝缘体上还显示出抗结冰性能。超疏水橡胶涂层被应用于织物、混凝土和沥青路面以防止润湿。未来的发展应该集中在涂层耐久性的提高上。还应开发具有更高可持续性的更多超疏水天然橡胶涂层。