A critical mission of psychological science is to conduct research that ultimately improves the lives of individuals who experience psychopathology. One important aspect of accomplishing this mission is increasing the likelihood that treatments will work for each person. I contend that treatment prognosis can be improved by moving toward a precision-medicine model. I advance a principle-driven framework for working toward these objectives. First, I synthesize the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology and the Research Domain Criteria and demonstrate how integrating these models facilitates precision characterization of psychopathology. Second, I outline and demonstrate a systematic process for approaching treatment selection by leveraging precisely characterized representations of psychopathology. Finally, I advocate the research and clinical applications of this framework. Although clinical and psychological scientists are conducting exciting, multidisciplinary, and methodologically rigorous research in their respective domains, the impact of these pursuits will be maximized in the context of a unifying theoretical framework that supports a clear guiding mission.

心理科学的一个重要任务是进行研究，最终改善经历过精神病理学的个人的生活。完成这一使命的一个重要方面是增加治疗对每个人有效的可能性。我认为，通过转向精准医学模型可以改善治疗预后。我提出了一个原则驱动的框架来实现这些目标。首先，我综合了精神病理学的层次分类法和研究领域标准，并展示了整合这些模型如何促进精神病理学的精确表征。其次，我概述并展示了一个系统的过程，通过利用精神病理学的精确表征来进行治疗选择。最后，我提倡这个框架的研究和临床应用。尽管临床和心理科学家正在各自领域进行激动人心的、多学科的和方法论严谨的研究，但这些追求的影响将在支持明确指导使命的统一理论框架的背景下最大化。