In a 2011 article in this journal entitled “Whites See Racism as a Zero-Sum Game That They Are Now Losing” (Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 215–218), Norton and Sommers assessed Black and White Americans’ perceptions of anti-Black and anti-White bias across the previous 6 decades—from the 1950s to the 2000s. They presented two key findings: White (but not Black) respondents perceived decreases in anti-Black bias to be associated with increases in anti-White bias, signaling the perception that racism is a zero-sum game; White respondents rated anti-White bias as more pronounced than anti-Black bias in the 2000s, signaling the perception that they were losing the zero-sum game. We collected new data to examine whether the key findings would be evident nearly a decade later and whether political ideology would moderate perceptions. Liberal, moderate, and conservative White (but not Black) Americans alike believed that racism is a zero-sum game. Liberal White Americans saw racism as a zero-sum game they were winning by a lot, moderate White Americans saw it as a game they were winning by only a little, and conservative White Americans saw it as a game they were losing. This work has clear implications for public policy and behavioral science and lays the groundwork for future research that examines to what extent racial differences in perceptions of racism by political ideology are changing over time.

在该杂志 2011 年的一篇题为“白人将种族主义视为他们正在输掉的零和游戏”的文章中（《心理科学展望》，6, 215–218), Norton 和 Sommers 评估了从 1950 年代到 2000 年代的过去 6 年间美国黑人和白人对反黑人和反白人偏见的看法。他们提出了两个关键发现：白人（但不是黑人）受访者认为反黑人偏见的减少与反白人偏见的增加有关，表明种族主义是零和游戏的看法；在 2000 年代，白人受访者认为反白人偏见比反黑人偏见更为明显，表明他们认为他们正在输掉零和游戏。我们收集了新数据，以检验关键发现在近十年后是否会显而易见，以及政治意识形态是否会缓和人们的看法。自由派、温和派和保守派的白人（但不是黑人）美国人都认为种族主义是一场零和游戏。自由主义的美国白人将种族主义视为一场零和游戏，他们赢了很多，温和的美国白人认为这是一场他们只赢了一点点的游戏，而保守的美国白人则认为这是一场他们输掉的游戏。这项工作对公共政策和行为科学具有明确的意义，并为未来的研究奠定了基础，该研究将检验政治意识形态对种族主义的看法中的种族差异随着时间的推移在多大程度上发生了变化。