The direct reduction process is one of the solutions for the manufacturing of iron which is energy-efficient and low in CO₂ emissions. Titanomagnetite-type iron sand is an important alternative source of iron minerals for countries with long coastlines. Thus, the process of making iron through direct reduction and using iron sand as the main raw material becomes an environmentally friendly solution, especially for countries that do not have primary iron ore reserves. This study aimed to analyze the process of direct reduction in low-grade iron sand by using the ratio variation between coal and dolomite used in bed mixture. In addition, this research was also conducted on a pilot-scale and used a gas-fired furnace to simulate the real conditions in industrial practices. The research began with the characterization of the materials used (iron sand concentrate, coal, and dolomite). Furthermore, the direct reduction process was carried out at 1300 °C with a total preheating-firing-cooling time of 24 h. Then, the direct reduction product was tested using X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope, degree of metallization, and X-ray diffractometer. This research succeeded in providing an initial overview of real processes on an industrial scale. The direct reduction product had the highest total iron content of 64.8% or an increase of about 13.57% from the initial iron content in the concentrate. In addition, an iron phase was formed in the product which indicates that the direct reduction process had been successful.

直接还原工艺是生产高能效、低CO _{2的铁的解决方案之一}排放。钛磁铁矿型铁砂是海岸线长的国家重要的铁矿物替代来源。因此，以铁砂为主要原料的直接还原制铁工艺成为一种环保解决方案，特别是对于没有原生铁矿石储量的国家而言。本研究旨在利用混合床中煤与白云石的比例变化，分析低品位铁砂的直接还原过程。此外，这项研究还进行了中试，并使用燃气炉模拟了工业实践中的真实情况。研究始于对所用材料（铁砂精矿、煤和白云石）的表征。此外，直接还原过程在 1300 ℃下进行，总预热-烧制-冷却时间为 24 h。然后，使用X射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜、金属化程度和X射线衍射仪对直接还原产物进行测试。这项研究成功地提供了工业规模实际过程的初步概述。直接还原产品的总铁含量最高，为64.8%，比精矿中的初始铁含量增加了约13.57%。此外，产物中形成铁相，表明直接还原工艺已成功。这项研究成功地提供了工业规模实际过程的初步概述。直接还原产品的总铁含量最高，为64.8%，比精矿中的初始铁含量增加了约13.57%。此外，产物中形成铁相，表明直接还原工艺已成功。这项研究成功地提供了工业规模实际过程的初步概述。直接还原产品的总铁含量最高，为64.8%，比精矿中的初始铁含量增加了约13.57%。此外，产物中形成铁相，表明直接还原工艺已成功。