Radiolabeled antibodies have become indispensable tools in nuclear medicine. However, the natural roles of antibodies within the immune system mean that they have several intrinsic limitations as a platform for radiopharmaceuticals. In recent years, the field has increasingly turned to antibody engineering to circumvent these issues while retaining the manifold benefits of the immunoglobulin framework. In this “Focus on Molecular Imaging” review, we cover recent advances in the application of antibody engineering to immunoPET, immunoSPECT, and radioimmunotherapy. Specifically, we address how antibody engineering has been used to improve radioimmunoconjugates on four fronts: optimizing pharmacokinetics, facilitating site-specific bioconjugation, modulating Fc interactions, and creating bispecific constructs.

放射性标记抗体已成为核医学中不可或缺的工具。然而，抗体在免疫系统中的天然作用意味着它们作为放射性药物的平台具有一些内在的局限性。近年来，该领域越来越多地转向抗体工程来规避这些问题，同时保留免疫球蛋白框架的多种优点。在这篇“聚焦分子成像”综述中，我们介绍了抗体工程在免疫 PET、免疫 SPECT 和放射免疫治疗中应用的最新进展。具体来说，我们讨论了如何使用抗体工程在四个方面改进放射免疫缀合物：优化药代动力学、促进位点特异性生物缀合、调节 Fc 相互作用和创建双特异性构建体。