In recent years, active metasurfaces have emerged as a reconfigurable nanophotonic platform for the manipulation of light. Here, application of an external stimulus to resonant subwavelength scatterers enables dynamic control over the wavefront of reflected or transmitted light. In principle, active metasurfaces are capable of controlling key characteristic properties of an electromagnetic wave, such as its amplitude, phase, polarization, spectrum, and momentum. A ‘universal’ active metasurface should be able to provide independent and continuous control over all characteristic properties of light for deterministic wavefront shaping. In this article, we discuss strategies for the realization of this goal. Specifically, we describe approaches for high performance active metasurfaces, examine pathways for achieving two-dimensional control architectures, and discuss operating configurations for optical imaging, communication, and computation applications based on a universal active metasurface.

中文翻译：

---

迈向用于光学成像、通信和计算的通用超表面

近年来，有源超表面已成为一种可重构的纳米光子平台，用于操纵光。在这里，对共振亚波长散射体施加外部刺激可以动态控制反射或透射光的波前。原则上，有源超表面能够控制电磁波的关键特性，例如其幅度、相位、极化、光谱和动量。“通用”有源超表面应该能够为确定性波前整形提供对光的所有特征属性的独立和连续控制。在本文中，我们将讨论实现这一目标的策略。具体来说，我们描述了高性能有源超表面的方法，