Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by extensive intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and frequently develops resistance to therapies. Tumor heterogeneity and lack of biomarkers are thought to be some of the most difficult challenges driving therapeutic resistance and relapse. This review will summarize current therapy for TNBC, studies in treatment resistance and relapse, including data from recent single cell sequencing. We will discuss changes in both the transcriptome and epigenome of TNBC, and we will review mechanisms regulating the immune microenvironment. Lastly, we will provide new perspective in patient stratification, and treatment options targeting transcriptome dysregulation and the immune microenvironment of TNBC patients.

三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是一种侵袭性亚型，其特点是肿瘤内广泛异质性，并且经常对治疗产生耐药性。肿瘤异质性和生物标志物的缺乏被认为是导致治疗耐药和复发的一些最困难的挑战。这篇综述将总结当前 TNBC 的治疗、治疗耐药性和复发的研究，包括最近单细胞测序的数据。我们将讨论 TNBC 转录组和表观基因组的变化，并将回顾调节免疫微环境的机制。最后，我们将为患者分层以及针对 TNBC 患者转录组失调和免疫微环境的治疗方案提供新的视角。