Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is a low-cost and efficient method for enhancing the mechanical properties of gold ore tailings powder (GTP) and decontaminating tailings. However, the traditional cement-based stabilization method is associated with environmental pollution and questionable sustainability. In this study, industrial waste residue was mixed with alkaline activators to prepare a sustainable waste-based composite geopolymer (WCG) to stabilize the GTP. Considering the cost of the novel geopolymer and the economic constraints of mining enterprises, a ratio of 5% geopolymer and 95% GTP was selected. The hydration mechanism, microstructure, mechanical properties, and leaching characteristics were analyzed after curing periods of 3, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days (d). The tests included phase structure analysis via x-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and unconfined compression strength tests to evaluate the hydration products and strength of the stabilized GTP. The results showed that the increase in amorphous/unidentified content was not obvious after 28 d of curing and that the stabilized tailings with the same content of WCG had higher mechanical strength than those stabilized with ordinary Portland cement (32.5 MPa). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption tests were used to characterize the microstructure of the stabilized materials. These results indicate that the formation of C-(A)-S-H gels contributed to improvement in the degree of compaction of the stabilized samples. The immobilization mechanism of arsenic included precipitation, physical encapsulation, adsorption, and ion substitution. The stabilized materials had a dual-pore fabric characterized by interaggregate and intra-aggregate pores. The properties of the leaching solution, including the pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, and heavy metal ion leaching concentrations, were determined to evaluate the leaching performance of the stabilized GTP. The relationship between the chemical properties of the leaching solution and the concentration of the leaching ions was analyzed to explain the immobilization mechanism of harmful elements. All harmful elements were well immobilized after 7 d of curing, and the leaching concentration remained constant over a longer curing time. This study provides a reference for the sustainable management of GTP and for improving the stabilization of tailings dams.

固化/稳定化（S/S）是一种低成本、高效的提高金尾矿粉（GTP）力学性能和净化尾矿的方法。然而，传统的基于水泥的稳定方法与环境污染和可持续性问题有关。在这项研究中，工业废渣与碱性活化剂混合以制备可持续的基于废物的复合地质聚合物 (WCG) 以稳定 GTP。考虑到新型地质聚合物的成本和矿山企业的经济限制，选择5%地质聚合物和95% GTP的比例。在固化 3、7、14、28 和 90 天 (d) 后分析水化机理、微观结构、力学性能和浸出特性。测试包括通过 X 射线衍射分析的相结构分析，热重分析和无侧限抗压强度测试，以评估稳定 GTP 的水合产物和强度。结果表明，养护28 d后无定形/未定型含量增加不明显，相同WCG含量的稳定化尾矿比普通硅酸盐水泥稳定化的尾矿（32.5 MPa）具有更高的机械强度。扫描电子显微镜-能量色散光谱和氮吸附试验用于表征稳定材料的微观结构。这些结果表明，C-(A)-SH 凝胶的形成有助于提高稳定样品的压实程度。砷的固定化机制包括沉淀、物理包封、吸附和离子取代。稳定的材料具有双孔织物，其特征在于聚集体间和聚集体内的孔。测定浸出溶液的性质，包括 pH 值、电导率、氧化还原电位和重金属离子浸出浓度，以评估稳定化 GTP 的浸出性能。分析了浸出液化学性质与浸出离子浓度的关系，解释了有害元素的固定机理。养护 7 d 后，所有有害元素均得到很好的固定，并且浸出浓度在更长的养护时间内保持恒定。该研究为GTP的可持续管理和提高尾矿坝的稳定性提供了参考。