Although most nuclear spectroscopy as well as atomic hyperfine structure data do not deliver accurate information on nuclear axiality the ad-hoc assumption of symmetry about one axis found widespread use in nuclear model calculations. In the theoretical interpretation of nuclear properties as well as in the analysis of experimental data triaxiality was considered – if at all – only for some, often exotic, nuclides. A breaking of axial symmetry combined to a spin-independent moment of inertia results in a surprisingly simple heuristic triaxial parametrization of the yrast sequence in all heavy nuclei, including well deformed ones. No additional fit parameters are needed in detailed studies of the mass and charge dependence of the electric dipole strength in the range of and outside of giant dipole resonances. Allowing triaxiality also avoids the introduction of an arbitrary level density parameter ã to fit the accurate values observed in n-capture experiments and ã can be taken from nuclear matter studies. A combination of this value to the yrast energies no longer based on axiality and the related I(I+1) rule results in agreement to data independent of spin. And predictions for radiative neutron capture as derived on the basis of non-axiality are improved as well. The experimentally favoured broken axial symmetry is in accord to HFB and MC-shell model calculations already for nuclei in the valley of stability.

尽管大多数核光谱学和原子超精细结构数据不能提供关于核轴性的准确信息，但关于一个轴的对称性的临时假设在核模型计算中得到广泛使用。在核特性的理论解释以及实验数据的分析中，三轴性被认为——如果有的话——仅适用于一些，通常是外来的核素。轴对称性的破坏与与自旋无关的惯性矩相结合，导致所有重核（包括变形良好的核）中的 yrast 序列的启发式三轴参数化令人惊讶地简单。在详细研究巨偶极子共振范围内和之外的电偶极子强度的质量和电荷依赖性的详细研究中，不需要额外的拟合参数。允许三轴性还避免了引入任意水平密度参数 ã 以拟合在 n 捕获实验中观察到的准确值，并且 ã 可以从核物质研究中获取。该值与不再基于轴向的 yrast 能量和相关的 I(I+1) 规则的组合导致与自旋无关的数据一致。并且基于非轴性得出的辐射中子俘获预测也得到了改进。实验支持的破坏轴对称性与稳定谷中的核的 HFB 和 MC 壳模型计算一致。该值与不再基于轴向的 yrast 能量和相关的 I(I+1) 规则的组合导致与自旋无关的数据一致。并且基于非轴性得出的辐射中子俘获预测也得到了改进。实验支持的破坏轴对称性与稳定谷中的核的 HFB 和 MC 壳模型计算一致。该值与不再基于轴向的 yrast 能量和相关的 I(I+1) 规则的组合导致与自旋无关的数据一致。并且基于非轴性得出的辐射中子俘获预测也得到了改进。实验支持的破坏轴对称性与稳定谷中的核的 HFB 和 MC 壳模型计算一致。