The human brain is specifically enriched for multiple classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and for particular RNA modifications, both of which are increasingly recognized to contribute to the etiology and pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the rapidly developing areas of basic research in brain-specific ncRNA biology and the functional and pathological consequences of different RNA modifications. In particular, multiple studies have identified mutual regulation between ncRNAs and RNA modifications. Specifically, RNA methylation of ncRNAs can regulate their cleavage and maturation, intracellular transport, stability, and ultimately their degradation. Alternatively, ncRNAs can affect RNA modifications by up- or down-regulating target protein expression or by altering their subcellular distribution, among several other effects. Growing clinical and preclinical research attention is currently being focused on exploring the pathological impacts and highly diverse molecular regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs and RNA modifications in psychiatric disorders. Here, we review recent findings surrounding the mutual regulation between ncRNAs and RNA modifications in brain psychopathology. We also discuss advances in basic discovery and clinical translation or therapeutic potential of targeting ncRNAs and/or RNA modification regulators in psychiatric disorders.

人类大脑特别丰富了多种非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 和特定的 RNA 修饰，这两者越来越被认为有助于精神疾病的病因学和病理生理学。在这里，我们总结了脑特异性 ncRNA 生物学基础研究的快速发展领域以及不同 RNA 修饰的功能和病理后果。特别是，多项研究已经确定了 ncRNA 和 RNA 修饰之间的相互调节。具体而言，ncRNA 的 RNA 甲基化可以调节它们的切割和成熟、细胞内运输、稳定性以及最终的降解。或者，ncRNA 可以通过上调或下调靶蛋白表达或通过改变它们的亚细胞分布等方式影响 RNA 修饰。越来越多的临床和临床前研究关注目前正集中在探索 ncRNA 和 RNA 修饰在精神疾病中的病理影响和高度多样化的分子调控机制上。在这里，我们回顾了关于大脑精神病理学中 ncRNA 和 RNA 修饰之间相互调节的最新发现。我们还讨论了精神疾病中靶向 ncRNA 和/或 RNA 修饰调节剂的基础发现和临床转化或治疗潜力的进展。我们回顾了最近关于大脑精神病理学中 ncRNA 和 RNA 修饰之间相互调节的发现。我们还讨论了精神疾病中靶向 ncRNA 和/或 RNA 修饰调节剂的基础发现和临床转化或治疗潜力的进展。我们回顾了最近关于大脑精神病理学中 ncRNA 和 RNA 修饰之间相互调节的发现。我们还讨论了精神疾病中靶向 ncRNA 和/或 RNA 修饰调节剂的基础发现和临床转化或治疗潜力的进展。