Herein, the formula proposed for quantifying the resilience of engineering systems, including processing systems, is general in several aspects. The structure of a system can be highly complex where the numbers of loops, raw materials, and products are not limited. The mathematical models of the operating units can be either linear or nonlinear for simulating the effect of the failures. The damage caused by an unexpected event can result in various levels of operation for the operating units. The proposed formula is also general in the sense that all possible combinations of failures are considered. The problem formulation, the related structure representation, the enumeration and evaluation of possible failures are based on the P-graph framework and its algorithms. The proposed formula for resilience is applicable to any complex engineering system whose behavior is primarily determined by its structure, including supply chains, information systems, municipal infrastructures, and electrical transmission networks.

在此，为量化工程系统（包括处理系统）的弹性而提出的公式在几个方面是通用的。如果回路、原材料和产品的数量不受限制，系统的结构可能非常复杂。操作单元的数学模型可以是线性的或非线性的，用于模拟故障的影响。意外事件造成的损坏可能导致操作单元的不同级别的操作。建议的公式在考虑所有可能的故障组合的意义上也是通用的。问题制定、相关结构表示、可能故障的枚举和评估均基于 P-graph 框架及其算法。