The hybridization of conductive polymers (CPs) with other nanomaterials is one of the effective ways to improve their electrical, optical, mechanical, and biological properties. The review reports the types, synthesis methods, physical and chemical properties, potential applications, and the prospect of future polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites. PPy nanocomposites can be classified into four types according to their composition: PPy/carbon series nanocomposites, PPy/ inorganic nanocomposites,PPy/organic nanocomposites and PPy multicomponent nanocomposite. The main synthesis methods of PPy nanocomposites include in situ chemical/electrochemical oxidation, electrochemical deposition, template method, interfacial polymerization, electrospinning, freeze drying and so on. Based on its high electrical conductivity and chemical properties, the applications of PPy nanocomposites in the field of energy storage, biomedicine, adsorption and impurity removal, electrocatalysis, wave-absorbing materials, sensors and corrosion protection are presented, which focus on recent literature. Finally, the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging area of research are presented.

导电聚合物（CPs）与其他纳米材料的杂交是改善其电学、光学、机械和生物学性能的有效途径之一。该综述报告了聚吡咯（PPy）纳米复合材料的类型、合成方法、物理和化学性质、潜在应用以及未来前景。PPy纳米复合材料按其组成可分为四种类型：PPy/碳系列纳米复合材料、PPy/无机纳米复合材料、PPy/有机纳米复合材料和PPy多组分纳米复合材料。PPy纳米复合材料的主要合成方法包括原位化学/电化学氧化、电化学沉积、模板法、界面聚合、静电纺丝、冷冻干燥等。基于其高导电性和化学性质，重点介绍了PPy纳米复合材料在储能、生物医学、吸附除杂、电催化、吸波材料、传感器和腐蚀防护等领域的应用，并重点介绍了近期文献。最后，对这一新兴研究领域的挑战和机遇进行了展望。