Well-being is transversal to different urban-related challenges such as increasing urbanization or adaptation to the effects of climate change. One possible response to these challenges is the use of nature in cities. The aim of this study is to investigate how the objective quantity of natural space near the home, the perception of these natural elements, and their perceived availability, moderated by the effect of connectedness to nature, could explain levels of well-being. A survey was conducted among a sample of 1343 participants living in seven European cities. Data were collected online via a questionnaire. Indicators of the objective quantity of urban natural space based on remotely sensed satellite imagery were also used. Regression models highlight the association between well-being and perceived amount of nature, accessibility to a community garden, and level of connectedness to nature. A moderating and negative effect of connectedness to nature on the association between the perceived quantity of nature and well-being was also identified. Perception of nature seems to be a better indicator of well-being than the objective one. Results highlight the importance of the social dimension of collective gardens in enhancing well-being. Connectedness to nature could facilitate appropriation of natural elements and its effects on well-being.

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七个欧洲城市的自然与福祉：与自然联系的调节作用

福祉与不同的城市相关挑战息息相关，例如城市化进程加快或适应气候变化的影响。应对这些挑战的一种可能方法是在城市中利用自然。本研究的目的是调查家庭附近自然空间的客观数量、对这些自然元素的感知及其感知可用性（受与自然联系的影响所调节）如何解释幸福感水平。对居住在七个欧洲城市的 1343 名参与者进行了抽样调查。数据是通过问卷在线收集的。还使用了基于遥感卫星图像的城市自然空间客观量指标。回归模型突出了幸福感与自然感知量之间的关联，社区花园的可达性，以及与自然的联系程度。还确定了与自然的联系对自然感知量与幸福感之间关联的调节和负面影响。对自然的感知似乎是比客观感知更好的幸福指标。结果强调了集体花园的社会层面在提高福祉方面的重要性。与自然的联系可以促进对自然元素的利用及其对福祉的影响。结果强调了集体花园的社会层面在提高福祉方面的重要性。与自然的联系可以促进对自然元素的利用及其对福祉的影响。结果强调了集体花园的社会层面在提高福祉方面的重要性。与自然的联系可以促进对自然元素的利用及其对福祉的影响。