Recently, the CDF collaboration has reported the precise measurement of the W boson mass, $M_W=80433.5\pm 9.4\mathrm{MeV}$, based on 8.8 fb⁻¹ of $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV $p\overline{p}$ collision data from the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. This is about 7σ away from the Standard Model prediction, $M_W^{\mathrm{SM}}=80357\pm 6\mathrm{MeV}$. Such a large discrepancy may be partially due to exotic particles that radiatively alter the relation between the W and Z boson masses. In this Letter, we study singlet extensions of the Standard Model focusing on the shift of the W boson mass since they are accidentally flavor and CP safe without changing the Standard Model structure. In the minimal extension with a real singlet field, using the bounds from the electroweak oblique parameters, B meson decays, LEP, and LHC, we find that the W boson mass shift is at most a few MeV, and therefore it does not alleviate the tension between the CDF II result and the SM prediction. We then examine how much various bounds are relaxed when the singlet is allowed to decay invisibly, and find that the increase of the W boson mass does not exceed 5 MeV due to the bound from the Higgs signal strength. We also discuss phenomenological and cosmological implications of the singlet extensions such as the muon $g-2$ anomaly, axion/hidden photon dark matter, and self-interacting dark radiation as a possible alleviation of the Hubble tension.

最近，CDF 合作报告了 W 玻色子质量的精确测量，${米}_W=80433.5\pm 9.4\mathrm{电子伏特}$，基于 8.8 fb ^-1的$\sqrt{s}=1.96$TeV$p\overline{p}$来自费米实验室 Tevatron 的 CDF II 探测器的碰撞数据。这与标准模型的预测相差约 7 σ，${米}_W^{\mathrm{SM}}=80357\pm 6\mathrm{电子伏特}$. 如此大的差异可能部分是由于外来粒子辐射改变了 W 和 Z 玻色子质量之间的关系。在这封信中，我们研究了标准模型的单线态扩展，重点关注 W 玻色子质量的移动，因为它们在不改变标准模型结构的情况下具有意外风味和 CP 安全。在具有真实单重态场的最小扩展中，使用来自电弱倾斜参数、B 介子衰减、LEP 和 LHC 的边界，我们发现 W 玻色子质量偏移最多为几 MeV，因此它不会减轻CDF II 结果和 SM 预测之间的张力。然后我们检查当单线态不可见衰减时，各种界限放松了多少，发现 W 玻色子质量的增加不超过 5 MeV 由于来自希格斯信号强度的限制。我们还讨论了单线态扩展（例如 μ 子）的现象学和宇宙学含义$G-2$异常、轴子/隐藏光子暗物质和自相互作用暗辐射可能缓解哈勃张力。