I explore two important ways of thinking that the philosophical understanding of morality requires metaphysics: the moral metaphysics I ascribe to Xunzi and Kant’s metaphysics of morals. Both Xunzi and Kant held that a metaphysics of nature is inadequate for a metaphysical understanding of human moral agency. Xunzi invoked the human Dao to allow for the agency of the heart-mind, and Kant invoked the Categorical Imperative to allow for the agency of the moral self. Both Xunzi and Kant stretched metaphysics through rejecting the wrong sorts of rigour as preventing us from having an appropriate understanding of metaphysics and morality. I turn to their different placements of humanity that reflect deep differences in Xunzi’s and Kant’s underlying metaphysics. Xunzi placed humanity as a virtue or power that allows our psychology to become a moral psychology. Kant placed humanity as an ideal that allows our psychology to be a moral psychology.

中文翻译：

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道德形而上学与道德形而上学：荀子与康德

我探索了两种重要的思维方式，即对道德的哲学理解需要形而上学：道德形而上学我归功于荀子和康德的道德形而上学. 荀子和康德都认为自然的形而上学不足以对人类道德能动性进行形而上学的理解。荀子援引人道来允许心灵的作用，康德援引绝对命令来允许道德自我的作用。荀子和康德都通过拒绝错误的严密性来扩展形而上学，因为它们阻止我们对形而上学和道德有适当的理解。我转向他们对人性的不同定位，这反映了荀子和康德的基本形而上学的深刻差异。荀子将人性视为一种美德或力量，使我们的心理成为一种道德心理。康德将人性作为一种理想，使我们的心理学成为一种道德心理学。