Global change is fundamentally altering flows of natural and anthropogenic subsidies across space and time. After a pointed call for research on subsidies in the 1990s, an industry of empirical work has documented the ubiquitous role subsidies play in ecosystem structure, stability, and function. Here, we argue that physical constraints (e.g., water temperature) and species traits can govern a species' accessibility to resource subsidies, which has been largely overlooked in the subsidy literature. We examined the input of a high-quality, point-source anthropogenic subsidy (aquaculture feed) into a recipient freshwater lake food web. Using a combined bio-tracer approach, we detect a gradient in accessibility of the anthropogenic subsidy within the surrounding food web driven by the thermal preferences of three constituent species, effectively rewiring the recipient lake food web. Because aquaculture is predicted to increase significantly in coming decades to support growing human populations, and global change is altering temperature regimes, then this form of food web alteration may be expected to occur frequently. We argue that subsidy accessibility is a key characteristic of recipient food web interactions that must be considered when trying to understand the impacts of subsidies on ecosystem stability and function under continued global change.

中文翻译：

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补贴可及性推动不对称的食物网响应

全球变化正在从根本上改变自然和人为补贴在时空中的流动。在 1990 年代尖锐地呼吁研究补贴之后，实证研究行业记录了补贴在生态系统结构、稳定性和功能中无处不在的作用。在这里，我们认为物理限制（例如，水温）和物种特征可以控制物种对资源补贴的可及性，这在补贴文献中基本上被忽视了。我们检查了高质量、点源人为补贴（水产养殖饲料）对接受者淡水湖食物网的输入。使用组合的生物示踪剂方法，我们检测到由三个组成物种的热偏好驱动的周围食物网中人为补贴的可及性梯度，有效地重新连接接收者湖泊食物网。由于预计未来几十年水产养殖将显着增加以支持不断增长的人口，并且全球变化正在改变温度状况，因此这种形式的食物网改变可能会经常发生。我们认为，补贴的可及性是接受者食物网互动的一个关键特征，在试图了解补贴对生态系统稳定性和持续全球变化下的功能的影响时必须考虑这一点。