The fracturing properties and acoustic characteristics of heterogeneous and matrix-inclusion rocks are crucial to the safety of underground infrastructures and mining projects under extreme loading conditions. In this study, elliptically shaped matrix-inclusion specimens were fabricated with cement as the matrix and three rock materials (basalt, marble and sandstone) as inclusions which cover igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks with different strength ratios to the cement. Dynamic Brazilian tests were conducted on the specimens with various inclusion orientations β (i.e. angles between impact direction and inclusion major axis) in the range of 0° and 90° using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). By combining digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques, the integrated system demonstrates well-synchronised dynamic forces, DIC strain fields, and AE signals. The detailed procedures were presented to interpret dynamic mechanical properties, fracturing process and AE characteristics of specimens. Generally, for stronger inclusion materials with higher stiffness and strength, dynamic peak forces, threshold orientation angles of transgranular cracks, and AE counts and duration indicate higher characteristics. For instance, the fracture pattern of basalt inclusions transforms from interfacial crack to transgranular crack with increasing orientation angle β, and the specimens with transgranular cracks exhibit higher dynamic peak forces. It is observed that transgranular cracks are mainly induced by tensile stress with a higher AE peak frequency (200–250 kHz), whereas interfacial cracks contain additional shear cracking having a relatively lower peak frequency (100–150 kHz). Meanwhile, finite element modelling demonstrates that stress fields are affected by the elastic mismatch between inclusion and matrix, while failure modes (i.e. interfacial and transgranular cracks) are mainly governed by the tensile strength of inclusions.

非均质和基质包裹体岩石的压裂特性和声学特性对于极端载荷条件下地下基础设施和采矿项目的安全至关重要。在本研究中，以水泥为基质，以三种岩石材料（玄武岩、大理石和砂岩）为包裹体，制作了椭圆形的基质包裹体试样，覆盖了与水泥强度比不同的火成岩、变质岩和沉积岩。使用分裂霍普金森压力棒(SHPB)在 0° 和 90° 范围内对具有各种夹杂物方向β （即冲击方向和夹杂物主轴之间的角度）的试样进行动态巴西测试。通过结合数字图像相关 (DIC) 和声发射 (AE) 技术，集成系统展示了良好同步的动态力、DIC 应变场和 AE 信号。介绍了详细的程序来解释试样的动态力学性能、压裂过程和 AE 特性。通常，对于具有更高刚度和强度的更强夹杂物材料，动态峰值力、穿晶裂纹的阈值取向角以及 AE 计数和持续时间表明更高的特性。例如，随着取向角β玄武岩, 穿晶裂纹的试样表现出更高的动态峰值力。据观察，穿晶裂纹主要是由具有较高 AE 峰值频率（200-250 kHz）的拉伸应力引起的，而界面裂纹包含具有相对较低峰值频率（100-150 kHz）的附加剪切裂纹。同时，有限元建模表明应力场受夹杂物与基体弹性失配的影响，而失效模式（即界面裂纹和穿晶裂纹）主要受夹杂物的抗拉强度控制。