Frailty is characterized by the loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. In individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), numerous pathophysiological factors may be responsible for frailty development including inflammation, physical inactivity, reduced energy intake, and metabolic acidosis. Given that both CKD and frailty incur a significant healthcare burden, it is important to understand the relationship of CKD and frailty in real-world routine clinical practice, and how simple frailty assessment methods (e.g. frailty indexes) may be useful. We investigated the risk of frailty development in CKD and the impact of frailty status on mortality and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

中文翻译：

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慢性肾脏病患者的衰弱轨迹与心血管、肾脏和死亡率结果之间的关联

脆弱的特点是生物储备的丧失和对不良后果的脆弱性。在患有慢性肾病 (CKD) 的个体中，许多病理生理因素可能是导致虚弱发展的原因，包括炎症、缺乏身体活动、能量摄入减少和代谢性酸中毒。鉴于 CKD 和衰弱都会产生重大的医疗保健负担，因此了解 CKD 和衰弱在现实世界常规临床实践中的关系以及简单的衰弱评估方法（例如衰弱指数）如何有用非常重要。我们调查了 CKD 衰弱发展的风险以及衰弱状态对死亡率和终末期肾病 (ESKD) 的影响。