Mobile health (mHealth) interventions hold promise for addressing the epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by assisting healthcare providers managing these disorders in low-resource settings. We aimed to systematically identify and assess provider-facing mHealth applications used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor NCDs in LMICs. In this systematic review, we searched the indexing databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central for studies published between January 2007 and October 2019. We included studies of technologies that were: (i) mobile phone- or tablet-based, (ii) able to screen for, diagnose, or monitor an NCD of public health importance in LMICs, and (iii) targeting health professionals as users. We extracted disease type, intervention purpose, target population, study population, sample size, study methodology, technology stage, country of development, operating system, and cost. Our initial search retrieved 13,262 studies, 315 of which met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Cardiology was the most common clinical domain of the technologies evaluated, with 89 publications. mHealth innovations were predominantly developed using Apple’s iOS operating system. Cost data were provided in only 50 studies, but most technologies for which this information was available cost less than 20 USD. Only 24 innovations targeted the ten NCDs responsible for the greatest number of disability-adjusted life years lost globally. Most publications evaluated products created in high-income countries. Reported mHealth technologies are well-developed, but their implementation in LMICs faces operating system incompatibility and a relative neglect of NCDs causing the greatest disease burden.

移动医疗 (mHealth) 干预措施有望通过协助医疗保健提供者在资源匮乏的环境中管理这些疾病，从而解决低收入和中等收入国家 (LMIC) 的非传染性疾病 (NCD) 流行问题。我们的目标是系统地识别和评估用于筛查、诊断或监测中低收入国家非传染性疾病的面向提供商的移动医疗应用程序。在这篇系统综述中，我们检索了 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Central 的索引数据库，查找 2007 年 1 月至 2019 年 10 月期间发表的研究。我们纳入了以下技术的研究：(i) 基于移动电话或平板电脑的技术，( ii) 能够筛查、诊断或监测中低收入国家中具有公共卫生重要性的非传染性疾病，以及 (iii) 将卫生专业人员作为用户。我们提取了疾病类型、干预目的、目标人群、研究人群、样本量、研究方法、技术阶段、开发国家、操作系统和成本。我们的初步检索检索了 13,262 项研究，其中 315 项符合纳入标准并进行了分析。心脏病学是所评估技术中最常见的临床领域，有 89 篇出版物。移动医疗创新主要是使用苹果的 iOS 操作系统开发的。仅 50 项研究提供了成本数据，但可获得此信息的大多数技术的成本低于 20 美元。只有 24 项创新针对导致全球损失最多残疾调整生命年的 10 种非传染性疾病。大多数出版物评估了高收入国家创造的产品。据报道，移动医疗技术十分发达，但其在中低收入国家的实施面临着操作系统不兼容以及对造成最大疾病负担的非传染性疾病的相对忽视。