Although three-dimensional metal halide perovskite (ABX₃) single crystals are promising next-generation materials for radiation detection, state-of-the-art perovskite X-ray detectors include methylammonium as A-site cations, limiting the operational stability. Previous efforts to improve the stability using formamidinium–caesium-alloyed A-site cations usually sacrifice the detection performance because of high trap densities. Here we successfully solve this trade-off between stability and detection performance by synergistic composition engineering, where we include A-site alloys to decrease the trap density and B-site dopants to release the microstrain induced by A-site alloying. As such, we develop high-performance perovskite X-ray detectors with excellent stability. Our X-ray detectors exhibit high sensitivity of (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10⁴ μC Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻² under 1 V cm⁻¹ and ultralow limit of detection of 7.09 nGy_air s⁻¹. In addition, they feature long-term operational stability over half a year and impressive thermal stability up to 125 °C. We further demonstrate the promise of our perovskite X-ray detectors for low-bias portable applications with high-quality X-ray imaging and monitoring prototypes.

虽然三维金属卤化物钙钛矿（ABX ₃) 单晶是有前途的下一代辐射探测材料，最先进的钙钛矿 X 射线探测器包括甲基铵作为 A 位阳离子，限制了操作稳定性。以前使用甲脒-铯合金 A 位阳离子提高稳定性的努力通常会因为陷阱密度高而牺牲检测性能。在这里，我们通过协同成分工程成功地解决了稳定性和检测性能之间的这种权衡，其中我们包括 A 位合金以降低陷阱密度和 B 位掺杂剂以释放由 A 位合金化引起的微应变。因此，我们开发了具有出色稳定性的高性能钙钛矿 X 射线探测器。我们的 X 射线探测器具有 (2.6 ± 0.1) × 10 ⁴  μC Gy _{air的高灵敏度}^-1  cm ^-2在1 V cm ^-1和7.09 nGy _air  s ^-1的超低检测限下。此外，它们还具有半年以上的长期运行稳定性和高达 125 °C 的出色热稳定性。我们进一步证明了我们的钙钛矿 X 射线探测器在具有高质量 X 射线成像和监测原型的低偏置便携式应用中的前景。