Replicated radiations, in which sets of similar forms evolve repeatedly within different regions, can provide powerful insights into parallel evolution and the assembly of functional diversity within communities. Several cases have been described in animals, but in plants we lack well-documented cases of replicated radiation that combine comprehensive phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses, the delimitation of geographic areas within which a set of ‘ecomorphs’ evolved independently and the identification of potential underlying mechanisms. Here we document the repeated evolution of a set of leaf ecomorphs in a group of neotropical plants. The Oreinotinus lineage within the angiosperm clade Viburnum spread from Mexico to Argentina through disjunct cloud forest environments. In 9 of 11 areas of endemism, species with similar sets of leaf forms evolved in parallel. We reject gene-flow-mediated evolution of similar leaves and show, instead, that species with disparate leaf forms differ in their climatic niches, supporting ecological adaptation as the driver of parallelism. Our identification of a case of replicated radiation in plants sets the stage for comparative analyses of such phenomena across the tree of life.

复制辐射，其中一组相似的形式在不同区域内反复进化，可以为平行进化和群落内功能多样性的组装提供强有力的见解。在动物中描述了几个案例，但在植物中，我们缺乏有据可查的复制辐射案例，这些案例结合了全面的系统发育和生物地理学分析，一组“生态形态”独立进化的地理区域的划定以及潜在潜在机制的识别. 在这里，我们记录了一组新热带植物中一组叶生态形态的重复进化。被子植物Viburnum进化枝内的Oreinotinus谱系通过分离的云雾森林环境从墨西哥传播到阿根廷。在 11 个特有地区中的 9 个地区，具有相似叶型的物种是平行进化的。我们拒绝类似叶子的基因流介导的进化，相反，具有不同叶子形式的物种在其气候生态位上不同，支持生态适应作为平行性的驱动力。我们对植物重复辐射案例的鉴定为对整个生命之树的此类现象进行比较分析奠定了基础。