Microalgae have become an important means of wastewater treatment. As a sustainable and economical method of wastewater treatment, microalgae not only purify wastewater from different sources, but also use wastewater as growth matrix to produce valuable biological products, biomaterials and bioenergy. However, given the complexity of compounds in wastewater and the challenge of increasing removal efficiency at a lower cost through treatment technology optimization, more research is required. In this paper, the application of indigenous microalgae in wastewater treatment was analyzed, and the wastewater was divided into four parts: nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), contaminants of emerging concern and heavy metals. In addition, the joint treatment of wastewater by microalgae and other methods such as microalgae-yeast system, microalgae-bacteria system, microalgae constructed wetland system and microalgae-sludge system were also discussed. Finally, the immobilization technology of microalgae and the future development trend and challenges of microalgae in the treatment of water pollution are analyzed. This will provide useful information for wastewater treatment.

微藻已成为废水处理的重要手段。作为一种可持续且经济的废水处理方法，微藻不仅可以净化不同来源的废水，还可以利用废水作为生长基质生产有价值的生物产品、生物材料和生物能源。然而，鉴于废水中化合物的复杂性以及通过优化处理技术以更低的成本提高去除效率的挑战，需要进行更多的研究。本文分析了本土微藻在废水处理中的应用，将废水分为四部分：氮磷等营养物质、化学需氧量（COD）和生物需氧量（BOD）、新兴关注的污染物和重金属。此外，还讨论了微藻与微藻-酵母系统、微藻-细菌系统、微藻人工湿地系统、微藻-污泥系统等联合处理废水的方法。最后，分析了微藻的固定化技术以及微藻在水污染治理中的未来发展趋势和挑战。这将为废水处理提供有用的信息。