A longitudinal field study tested the long-term effects (three years) of intergroup contact on both explicit and implicit outgroup attitudes. Participants were majority (Italian) and minority (immigrant) high-school students, who were tested at four waves from the beginning of their first year in high-school to the end of the third school year. Results revealed, first, a longitudinal association of quantity (but not quality) of contact with lower intergroup anxiety and more positive explicit attitudes, as well as bidirectional effects over time between explicit attitudes and intergroup anxiety, on the one hand, and quantity and quality of contact, on the other. Second, reduced intergroup anxiety mediated the association between quantity of contact and improved explicit attitudes over time. Third, the product of quantity and quality of contact longitudinally predicted more positive implicit outgroup attitudes over school years. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of findings.

中文翻译：

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群际接触对显性和隐性外群态度的影响：对多数和少数群体成员的纵向实地研究

一项纵向实地研究测试了群际接触对显性和隐性外群态度的长期影响（三年）。参与者是多数（意大利）和少数（移民）高中生，他们从高中第一年开始到第三学年末分四波进行了测试。结果表明，首先，接触的数量（而非质量）与较低的群际焦虑和更积极的外显态度之间存在纵向关联，以及外显态度和群际焦虑之间随时间的双向影响，一方面是数量和质量接触，另一方面。其次，随着时间的推移，减少的群际焦虑介导了接触量与显性态度改善之间的关联。第三，接触的数量和质量的乘积纵向预测了在学年期间更积极的内隐外群态度。我们讨论了研究结果的理论和实践意义。