Abstract

Gold–copper–sulfide, noble-metal–copper–uranium and noble-metal–copper–uranium–vanadium mineralization in Paleoproterozoic structures of the Karelian Craton is associated with the evolution of the large regional Lapland–Onega rift structure in the Svecofennian. A characteristic feature of the deposits and ore occurrences that formed at the orogenic stage is the appearance of selenium minerals. On the territory of Karelia, ore objects of the separate Onega, Kumsinskaya, Pergubskaya, Severo-Vygozero, Lekhta and Elmozersko-Segozero structures were studied and materials on the ore mineralization of Paana-Kuolajarvi structure were generalized. The element concentrations in ores and near-ore metasomatites were determined by ICP-MS analysis, and the contents of individual elements was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Ore minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that the ores of the studied deposits and ore occurrences are represented by a geochemical assemblage of elements, including Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, Mo, Pd, Pt, Co, Ni, U, Se, Bi, Te, As, V, REE, Ba, and Fe ( in various proportions). Vein-disseminated ore mineralization is accompanied by low-temperature metasomatites: alkaline (albitites, eisites), ferromagnesian, mica or beresites, confined to deformation zones in the host Paleoproterozoic sequences. Basalts, quartzite sandstones, and carbonate deposits of the Jatulian suprahorizon; carbonaceous, mafic, and ultramafic sequences of the Ludicovian suprahorizon, as well as gabbrodolerites intruding them, were subjected to alteration. The ore mineralization of noble-metal–copper–uranium–vanadium and noble-metal–copper–uranium deposits and occurrences (in which the noble metals are predominantly Au, Pd) is represented by copper sulfides and selenides, lead, silver, gold, palladium; less frequently, platinum, native gold; more rarely, bismuth, bismuth tellurides; as well as uraninite, vanadium micas, molybdenite, REE minerals, hematite, and goethite, which are typomorphic minerals of these deposits and occurrences. Among hydrothermal selenides, clausthalite, naumannite, fischesserite, palladseite, padmaite, sudovikite, bogdanovichite, paraguanahuatite, eukairite, umangite, klockmanite, timannite, tyrrelite, and cadmoselite have been established, as well as selenium-bearing sulfides (Se-malyshevite, weibullite, selenogalena, Se-bearing bornite, chalcocite, and molybdenite). Native selenium and selenates were found in oxidation zones. Typomorphic assemblages of Au–Cu sulfide deposits and occurrences in the more eroded central part of the Karelian Craton are represented by chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, galena, molybdenite, silver sulfides, gold, electrum, Se-bearing chalcocite, and hematite. Selenides are less common in these ores—among them clausthalite, naumannite, bogdanovichite, and fischesserite have been identified.

中文翻译：

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卡累利阿古元古代金-铜-硫化物、贵金属-铜-铀、贵金属-铜-铀-钒矿床矿物-地球化学特征及成矿情况

摘要

卡累利阿克拉通古元古代构造中的金-铜-硫化物、贵金属-铜-铀和贵金属-铜-铀-钒矿化与Svecofenn期大型区域Lapland-Onega裂谷构造的演化有关。造山期形成的矿床和矿点的一个特征是硒矿物的出现。在卡累利阿境内，研究了单独的 Onega、Kumsinskaya、Pergubskaya、Severo-Vygozero、Lekhta 和 Elmozersko-Segozero 构造的矿石对象，并概括了 Paana-Kuolajarvi 构造的矿石成矿材料。采用ICP-MS分析法测定矿石和近矿石交代岩中的元素浓度，采用X射线荧光分析法测定单个元素的含量。通过扫描电子显微镜研究矿石矿物。已经确定，所研究矿床和矿点的矿石由元素的地球化学组合代表，包括 Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Mo、Pd、Pt、Co、Ni、U、Se、Bi、Te、 As、V、REE、Ba 和 Fe（不同比例）。脉状浸染性矿化伴随着低温交代岩：碱性（钠长石、火山岩）、铁镁质、云母或贝瑞斯岩，局限于宿主古元古代层序的变形带。Jatulian 超地平线的玄武岩、石英岩砂岩和碳酸盐矿床；Ludicovian 超地平线的碳质、镁铁质和超镁铁质序列，以及侵入它们的辉长岩，​​都发生了蚀变。贵金属 - 铜 - 铀 - 钒和贵金属 - 铜 - 铀矿床和矿床（其中贵金属主要是 Au、Pd）的矿石矿化以硫化铜和硒化物、铅、银、金、钯; 不太常见的是铂金、原生金；更罕见的是，铋、碲化铋；以及铀矿、钒云母、辉钼矿、稀土矿物、赤铁矿和针铁矿，它们是这些矿床和矿点的典型矿物。在热液硒化物中，已形成的有孔辉石、瑙曼石、铁镁石、帕拉德辉石、菱镁矿、硅镁石、波格丹诺辉石、副胍瓦铁矿、eukairite、umangite、klockmanite、timannite、tyrrelite、cadmoselite，以及含硒硫化物（Se-malyshevite、weibullite、硒方铅矿、含硒斑铜矿、辉铜矿和辉钼矿）。在氧化区发现了天然硒和硒酸盐。卡累利阿克拉通中部被侵蚀较多的金铜硫化物矿床的典型组合和矿点以黄铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、辉钼矿、硫化银、金、金银矿、含硒辉铜矿和赤铁矿为代表。硒化物在这些矿石中不太常见——其中已鉴定出孔辉石、瑙曼石、波格达诺维奇石和费氏石。